357년 로마황제 콘스탄티우스 2세의 수도 로마에 대한 방문 -정치적 함의에 관하여-
The Visit of Constantius II to the City of Rome in the year of 357: On its Political Implications
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In the fourth century AD the Roman emperors experienced great difficulty in controlling and ruling the whole empire. At the same time the emperor seldom visited the city of Rome. If an imperial visit occurred it would have interested and attracted a great number of the people in that city. The critical years after the murder of Constans were brought to the end when Constantius II became sole emperor of the Roman empire again. But this victorious ruler did not immediately celebrate his achievements in the centrum of the Roman empire. Instead he just started to prepare for a celebration, until the spring 357. Generally the actual domestic and international conditions may have prevented him from entering the city of Rome as triumphator. The only source that discusses the visit of Constantius to Rome is Res Gestae by the pagan historian Ammianus. The other useful sources are two different Orationes(“speeches”), one of which was written by Themistius, a very faithful and intelligent senator under Constantius II, and the other by Julianus, the cousin of that emperor. The author of this article is very interested in the contents of the speeches that Constantius might have delivered on his visit, especially those which were not contained in Ammianus. Furthermore, the author is also very keen to discover the hidden implications of those speeches. In the year 337, Constantius was just one ruler under the three rulers’ system, then later on he finally achieved his own single rule. Presumably this new single ruler might have expressed his perspective on the future of the united Roman empire in his now uninhibited speeches. Then what would the possible objectives behind those speeches have been? Firstly, he would have wanted to reassure the city of Rome of its unrivaled position. Namely, this city must still function as the centrum of the empire. One more purpose is the portrait that Constantius would have wanted to present of himself, both as a very able ruler and as a lover of Rome. Through this image-making he intended the Roman empire to be integrated solidly under his reign.
Abstract
In the fourth century AD the Roman emperors experienced great difficulty in controlling and ruling the whole empire. At the same time the emperor seldom visited the city of Rome. If an imperial visit occurred it would have interested and attracted a great number of the people in that city. The critical years after the murder of Constans were brought to the end when Constantius II became sole emperor of the Roman empire again. But this victorious ruler did not immediately celebrate his achievements in the centrum of the Roman empire. Instead he just started to prepare for a celebration, until the spring 357. Generally the actual domestic and international conditions may have prevented him from entering the city of Rome as triumphator. The only source that discusses the visit of Constantius to Rome is Res Gestae by the pagan historian Ammianus. The other useful sources are two different Orationes(“speeches”), one of which was written by Themistius, a very faithful and intelligent senator under Constantius II, and the other by Julianus, the cousin of that emperor. The author of this article is very interested in the contents of the speeches that Constantius might have delivered on his visit, especially those which were not contained in Ammianus. Furthermore, the author is also very keen to discover the hidden implications of those speeches. In the year 337, Constantius was just one ruler under the three rulers’ system, then later on he finally achieved his own single rule. Presumably this new single ruler might have expressed his perspective on the future of the united Roman empire in his now uninhibited speeches. Then what would the possible objectives behind those speeches have been? Firstly, he would have wanted to reassure the city of Rome of its unrivaled position. Namely, this city must still function as the centrum of the empire. One more purpose is the portrait that Constantius would have wanted to present of himself, both as a very able ruler and as a lover of Rome. Through this image-making he intended the Roman empire to be integrated solidly under his reign.
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