로마 황제 숭배와 유대-크리스트교와의 갈등
A Study on the conflicts between emperor worship and Judeo-Christianity
0
조회
0
다운로드
19
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The main aim of this paper is to study backgrounds of the conflicts between Judeo-Christianity and emperor worship in the age of the Roman Empire. In the beginning, I trace the various aspects of the imperial worship and try to clarify that the imperial worship was variously appeared according to periods, classes, areas, as well as those worshippers’ propensity. However, there were sects who denied emperor worship all the time-they were Jews and Christians. The reason of the constant conflicts between them and the Roman authority was basically about their belief on the only God, the question of monotheism and polytheism. Jews originally had no kings except Jehovah, their true God-King, though they later established a kingdom represented by the king David. Jews and Christians refused to worship Roman emperor as a godlike being, while all the other residents of the Roman Empire had no problem with that, or rather eagerly worshiped them. The martyr of Polycarp in the 2nd century AD clearly shows that the core reason of the persecution of the Christians by the Roman government was their refusal of the emperor worship. Furthermore, Christianity looked very dangerous to the most pagans of that period to harm the very base of the society, where they live on. Lastly, it is very interesting to note that the ceremony of imperial worship and christianity seemed to gradually resemble each other-we could trace not only conflicts between them but also confluences between them.
Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to study backgrounds of the conflicts between Judeo-Christianity and emperor worship in the age of the Roman Empire. In the beginning, I trace the various aspects of the imperial worship and try to clarify that the imperial worship was variously appeared according to periods, classes, areas, as well as those worshippers’ propensity. However, there were sects who denied emperor worship all the time-they were Jews and Christians. The reason of the constant conflicts between them and the Roman authority was basically about their belief on the only God, the question of monotheism and polytheism. Jews originally had no kings except Jehovah, their true God-King, though they later established a kingdom represented by the king David. Jews and Christians refused to worship Roman emperor as a godlike being, while all the other residents of the Roman Empire had no problem with that, or rather eagerly worshiped them. The martyr of Polycarp in the 2nd century AD clearly shows that the core reason of the persecution of the Christians by the Roman government was their refusal of the emperor worship. Furthermore, Christianity looked very dangerous to the most pagans of that period to harm the very base of the society, where they live on. Lastly, it is very interesting to note that the ceremony of imperial worship and christianity seemed to gradually resemble each other-we could trace not only conflicts between them but also confluences between them.
참고문헌 (25)
- S. MacCormack, "Art and Ceremony in late antiquity" (1981)
- L.R. Taylor, "The Divinity of the Roman Emperor", 1919
- H.W. Pleket, "An Aspect of the emperor Cult: Imperial Mysteries", HThR, 58(4), pp.336~343 (1965)
- R. Lattimore, "Portents and Prophecies in Connection with the Emperor Vespasian", CJ, 29, pp.441~449 (1931)
- P.A. Harland, "Honours and Worship: Emperors, Imperial Cults and Associations in Asia Minor and the Apocalypse of John", Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 77, pp.99~121 (2000)
- S. Price, "Rituals and Power. The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor" (1984)
- H.F. Burton, "The Worship of the Roman Emperors", The Biblical World, 40(2), pp.80~91 (1912)
- M.P. Speidel, "Commodus the GodEmperor and the Army", JRS, 83, pp.109~114 (1993)
- A. Mau, "Pompeii in Leben und Kunst", pp.278~ (1908)
- N.W. Goldstein, "Cultivated Pagans and Ancient AntiSemitism", JR, 19, pp.346~ (1939)
- J.L. Daniel, "Anti Semitism in the Hellenistic Roman Period", Journal of Biblical Literature, 99(1), pp.46~ (1979)
- A.G. Russell, "The Jews , the Roman Empire, and Christianity, AD. 50-180", Greece & Rome, 6(18), pp.170~178 (1937)
- H. Musurillo, "The Acts of the Christian Maryrs", pp.48~ (1972)
- G.T. Oborn, "Why did Decius and Valerian Proscribe Christianity?", Church History, 2(2) (1993)
- J.B. Rives, "The Decree of Decius and the Religion of Empire", JRS, 89, pp.135~154 (1999)
- 최혜영, "로마의 종교, in: 로마 제정사 연구", pp.346~370 (2000), 서울대학교 출판부
- L.L. Thomson, "The Martyrdom of Polycarp : Death in the Roman Games", The Journal of Religion, 82(1), pp.27~52 (2002)
- V. Bryce, "Religon as a factor in the history of Empires", JRS, 5, pp.1~22 (1915)
- E.F. Scott, "The Opposition to Caesar Worship", Church History, 2(2) (1933)
- Brunt, "Marcus Aurelius and the Christians, in: Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History I", pp.516~ (1979)
- C. Nichoson, "Lactantius, Hermes Trismegistus and Constantinian Obelisk", JHS, 109, pp.198~200 (1989)
- A. Brent, "Ignatius of Antioch and the Imperial Cult", Vigiliae Christianae, 52(1)
- 최혜영, "예수 그리스도와 로마 황제 숭배", 서양고대사연구, (19), pp.87~115 (2006), 한국서양고대역사문화학회
- A. Henrichs, "Vespasian‘s Visit to Alexandria", ZPE, 3, pp.51~80 (1968)
- R.Lattimore, "Portents and Prophecies in Connection with the Emperor Vespasian", CJ, 29, pp.441~449 (1931)