공공외교로서의 한국의 대 중동이슬람사회 ODA 정책
Korean ODA Policy of Middle Eastern Islmic Society as Public Diplomacy
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Public diplomacy is a kind of people's diplomacy, and means 'the communication with foreign publics to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence.' ODA(Official Development Assistance) is one of the public diplomacy or multilateral diplomacy. In the 21st century we live together, cooperation among states and peoples to diminish the conflict and to promote the coexistence has been stressed more than ever. The tendency of the integration of world economy and rapid progress of information and communication technology have not only led deeper interdependence of world community over the whole sectors like politics, economy, society and culture, but also brought about the globalization of the negative factors such as terrorism of international level, environmental problem and disease of global level, international crimes, and so on. These negative factors are a kind of non-traditional security, and we cannot resolve this human security with traditional method such as traditional and nuclear weapons and war ultimately. These phenomena mean that we all live in a kind of 'global village' together and also that we have to resolve these problems through cooperation. The foreign aid represented by ODA is one of the typical efforts to provide the human security. Today, soft power is also becoming more and more important power resources in international relations. Joseph Nye's opinion that the future of a nation would be decided by 'soft power' aroused the far-reaching sympathy, and now the 'non-material value' has been positioned to be the strong essential and persuasive realm more than anything else. Republic of Korea became not only one of some countries offering the donor from the country received enormous economic aid from the international community, but also get the opportunity to spread the soft power for the enhancement of the country's dignity at the same time. How to design and fulfill the Korea's national strategies for the 21st century and ODA policy as public diplomacy was become an important agenda in foreign policy. This article is the first one of 'Korean ODA Policy of Middle Eastern Islamic Society as Public Diplomacy' in Korea. So, this article is limited in the 'present state, the prospect, and strategy of Korean ODA policy.' In the case of 2011, ROK offered 0.14% of GNI(Gross National Income) as ODA, it is more increased rate in comparing with former years. And Korean government made plans more and more increase ODA, and will reach the destination of 0.25% of GNI to 2015. But this rate is only 1/5 of 0.7% that UN encourages. In general speaking, Korean ODA is centered in education, health-medical service, information and communications, administration system, environment-female, industry-energy, development of farming and fishing villages. And in the case of Middle East, Korean ODA is being decreased in total amount since 2001 Afghanistan war and 2003 America-Iraq war. In conclusion, Korea needs new ODA policy to the Middle East considering the Islamic society, and it has to be based on the humanitarian aid, North European type. We need building a 'Korean Model of ODA' that would be made with cooperation by not only public servant of government, but also area specialist, development NGOs, and so on.
Abstract
Public diplomacy is a kind of people's diplomacy, and means 'the communication with foreign publics to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence.' ODA(Official Development Assistance) is one of the public diplomacy or multilateral diplomacy. In the 21st century we live together, cooperation among states and peoples to diminish the conflict and to promote the coexistence has been stressed more than ever. The tendency of the integration of world economy and rapid progress of information and communication technology have not only led deeper interdependence of world community over the whole sectors like politics, economy, society and culture, but also brought about the globalization of the negative factors such as terrorism of international level, environmental problem and disease of global level, international crimes, and so on. These negative factors are a kind of non-traditional security, and we cannot resolve this human security with traditional method such as traditional and nuclear weapons and war ultimately. These phenomena mean that we all live in a kind of 'global village' together and also that we have to resolve these problems through cooperation. The foreign aid represented by ODA is one of the typical efforts to provide the human security. Today, soft power is also becoming more and more important power resources in international relations. Joseph Nye's opinion that the future of a nation would be decided by 'soft power' aroused the far-reaching sympathy, and now the 'non-material value' has been positioned to be the strong essential and persuasive realm more than anything else. Republic of Korea became not only one of some countries offering the donor from the country received enormous economic aid from the international community, but also get the opportunity to spread the soft power for the enhancement of the country's dignity at the same time. How to design and fulfill the Korea's national strategies for the 21st century and ODA policy as public diplomacy was become an important agenda in foreign policy. This article is the first one of 'Korean ODA Policy of Middle Eastern Islamic Society as Public Diplomacy' in Korea. So, this article is limited in the 'present state, the prospect, and strategy of Korean ODA policy.' In the case of 2011, ROK offered 0.14% of GNI(Gross National Income) as ODA, it is more increased rate in comparing with former years. And Korean government made plans more and more increase ODA, and will reach the destination of 0.25% of GNI to 2015. But this rate is only 1/5 of 0.7% that UN encourages. In general speaking, Korean ODA is centered in education, health-medical service, information and communications, administration system, environment-female, industry-energy, development of farming and fishing villages. And in the case of Middle East, Korean ODA is being decreased in total amount since 2001 Afghanistan war and 2003 America-Iraq war. In conclusion, Korea needs new ODA policy to the Middle East considering the Islamic society, and it has to be based on the humanitarian aid, North European type. We need building a 'Korean Model of ODA' that would be made with cooperation by not only public servant of government, but also area specialist, development NGOs, and so on.
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