비실시특허권자(NPE) 소송특허의 질적특성에 대한 연구
Study on the attributes of NPE patents in patent infringement lawsuit in U.S.
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초록
비실시특허권자(NPE)의 역할과 관련해서 NPE들이 가치 있는 특허를 발굴하여 특허 실시 기업에 정당한 보상을 요구함으로써 특허의 가치를 극대화하는 등의 순기능적 역할을 한다는 주장과 품질이 낮은 특허를 기반으로악의적 소송을 제기하면서 특허권을 남용한다는 부정적인 견해가 혼재되어있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 미국에서 최근 10년간 발생한 특허 침해소송을 분석하여 NPE와 제조기업(또는 서비스기업) 소송특허 간 차이를 통해시장에서 NPE 역할에 대한 함의를 도출하였다. 분석 결과 NPE는 제조기업에 비해 비교적 가치가 낮고 기술적 불확실성은 높지만, 권리범위가 넓어 광범위하게 권리를 주장할 수 있는 특허를 확보하여 침해소송에 활용하고 있고, 이러한 경향은 최근 더 뚜렷해졌다는 것을보여준다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 통해 NPE에 의해 발생하는 특허소송은새로운 유형의 신기술 출현과 이를 제대로 보호하기 위한 특허제도의 보완간 시간적인 간극에 일부 원인이 있을 수 있다는 시사점을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the features of patents involved in NPE (Non-Practicing Entity) infringement lawsuits using the 39,457 dataset of patent infringement lawsuits in U.S. during the period of 2012∼2022. As a results, this study shows NPEs filed infringement lawsuits using patents which have larger scope of rights and higher level of uncertainty, but have lower level of quality. And this is more statistically significant after the year of 2016 when the ratio of NPE lawsuits started to be increased. On this empirical findings, this study concludes the NPEs’ increasing patent lawsuits are also caused by the time gap between the emerging technologies and the improvement of the patent system to protect them.
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