19세기 공노비 후손들의 삶 - 제주도 대정현 사례 -

Abstract

This researcher intends to examine people living in Hamo village and Sagye village in Jeju island from the late 18th century to the 1910s. Based on the literal translation written in household register, status of residents can be divided into 5 statuses as follows. 1 status; Status of students preparing civil service examination and people with social status similar to them. 2 status; Status of students preparing military examination and people with social status similar to them. 3 status; Status of military troop’s commander and people with social status similar to them. 4 status; Status of military soldiers and people with social status similar to them. 5 status; Nobi. People and ancestor’s statuses, living in two villages in the 19th century, were different each other in many cases. In 1 status, descendants didn’t success the status of ancestor automatically. There were a few descendants who were dropped to the status lower than ancestor. In 2 status, descendants didn’t ancestor’s occupation automatically. In 2 status, there were a few descendants who were dropped to the status lower than ancestor. In front of 3 status, there was always a ladder of status increase, which was strong. In 3 status, there were more descendants who were improved to the status higher than ancestor, than descendants who were succeeded occupation of ancestor thoroughly in the 19th century. In 4 status, there were more descendants who were improved to the status higher than ancestor, than descendants who were succeeded occupation of ancestor thoroughly in the 19th century. Descendants of 5 status also improved the status in the 19th century. But, status of ancestor made an effect on their descendants until the early 20th century. Average status of 1⋅2⋅3⋅4⋅5 statuses’ descendants came from behind until the early 20th century. In 1918, residents of two villages also owned lots of fields. There were the most land of 1 status’ descendants and the least land of 5 status’ descendants. But, land owned scale per a family showed close correlations with the period when ancestor was appeared in family register. In other words, ancestors of families appeared in the 18th century had the widest land and descendants of family appeared in the 20th century had the least land.