18~19세기 한성・강화・부여 昌原黃氏 가문 노비의 존재양상

Abstract

This study delves into the multifaceted lives of Joseon slaves during the 18th and 19th centuries, investigating their modes of existence through an examination of slave records found in the family registers of the Hwang Unjo, Hwang Taekjo, and Hwang Baekjo families of the Changwon Hwang clan. In the 18th century, each of the three households possessed approximately 20 to 30 slaves, but their numbers dwindled gradually over time. While slave ages were typically evenly distributed across generations during the 18th century, there was a noticeable increase in older slaves during the 19th century. As for the regions where the slaves lived, it was found that the slaves of the Hwang Unjo family lived not only in Ganghwa, their master's hometown, but also in Buyeo, Hansung, and other areas, but in the 19th century, only the slaves who lived in Ganghwa and Hansung remained. Slaves of the Hwang Taekjo family often followed the movement of their master’s residence from Hanyang to Buyeo. Many slaves of the Hwang Baekjo family lived in Jeolla Province, but the number of slaves living in their master’s home of Hansung and Buyeo in gradually increased. When examining the marriage of slaves and the sustainability of the families, only one case of marriage between a male slave and a female commoner, was found in the Hwang Baekjo family after the enactment of the Jongmo Law. Marriages between slaves were the most common. Families of two generations were the majority, but in some cases, the family lineages lasted up to five generations. Marriages between slaves were not common and the continuous maintenance of slave lineages distinguished the clan from others. The clustering of slaves around their masters’ residential areas was common to other clans and to Seowon slaves in the 19th century. Based on these findings, this study provided a more detailed overall picture of slaves in the 18th to 19th centuries.