삶의 만족과 경제적 수입: Easterlin의 역설에 관한 연구
Subjective wellbeing and income: a reappraisal of Easterlin’s paradox
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초록
이 연구는 “경제적 수입이 증가한다고 해서 무한히 인간의 행복이나 삶에 대한 만족도는 증가하지 않는다.”라는Easterlin의 역설에 대한 실증을 시도하였다. 연구의 결과, 소득이 증가하면 주관적 삶의 질과 감정적 행복은 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 돈이 많으면 삶에 대해 더욱 만족하고 행복하다는 것이다. 이외에도 교육수준, 수면만족도, 직업, 종교가 주관적 삶의 질과 감정적 행복에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 더욱이 지역적으로 주관적 삶의 질과 감정적 행복의 순위가 달랐는데, 이는 경기도 내의 기초자치단체의 정책이 시민 삶에 영향을 줄 개연성을 시사한다. 연구의 결과가 Easterlin의 역설이 일치하지 않는 점에 대해서 우리나라의 특수성과 자료의 문제라는 두 가지 가능성을 제시한다. 첫째, 우리나라의 경우 자본주의의 역사와 발전이 짧기 때문에 서양의 선진국보다 자본에 대한 성찰과 반성이 적다는 것이다. 이러한 배경이 상대적으로 돈의 가치를 더 중요하게 만들었다는 가능성을 제시한다. 둘째, 연구에 사용한 자료의 경우 2만 개의 횡단면자료이므로 시간에 따른 변화를 알 수 없고, 상대적으로 선행연구보다 표본 집단의 크기가 작다는 것이다. 결론적으로 이번 연구는 경제적 소득이 주관적 삶의 만족과 감정적 행복에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다는 것에 의의가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 이러한 연구결과에 대한 다각적인 증명과 Easterlin의 역설을 뛰어넘는 성찰이 필요하다.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine Easterlin’s paradox that was a certain level of income does not affect subjective wellbeing. We reappraised Easterlin’s paradox by using survey on quality of life in Gyeonggi province. In the results, we confirmed that high income could promote both subjective wellbeing and emotional happiness. In addition to education, satisfaction of sleeping, job, and religion were significantly contributed to increase both subjective and emotional life satisfaction. Moreover, the study demonstrated that policies of local authorities could influence subjective wellbeing of citizens. Our results contradicted Easterlin’s paradox, so we assumed that for two reasons. A history of capitalism in South Korea was relatively shorter than western developed countries. South Korean cultural backgrounds implicitly emphasized or overstated the value of money by the unbridled capitalism. Another reason was “a survey on quality of life in Gyeonggi province” that was consisted of 20,000 samples and cross-sectional data, so it ignored longitudinal change and caused biased sampling error. In essence, the present study demonstrated that high income guaranteed great wellbeing and happiness. In the end, further study should propose diverse empirical evidence and accompany theoretical explanation which has more insight than Easterlin’s paradox.
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