한국인의 생활만족도 결정요인 분석
The Analysis on the Determinants of Life-satisfaction in Korea
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초록
본 연구는 한국의 가구 및 개인 패널 자료인 한국노동패널을 이용해서 각 개인들이 느끼는 생활만족도의 변화를 알아보고 결정변수들이 무엇인가를 실증적으로분석하였다. 연도별로 보면 전반적으로 생활만족도가 증가하였으며, 지역별로 증가한 지역은 전북, 대구, 대전 순으로 나타났으며, 반면 감소하거나 증가폭이 작은 지역은 울산, 충북, 부산 순으로 나타났다. 전반적인 생활만족도(행복감)에 영향을 미치는 결정요인에 대해 확률효과 Ordered Probit을 이용하여 실증분석한결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개인의 소득(소비)은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을미친다. 둘째, 자신이 속한 지역의 평균 소득(소비)수준은 자신의 생활만족도에부정적인 영향을 미친다. 이는 전통적인 소비이론에서 주장하는 개인별 효용함수가 독립적이라는 전통적 가정보다는 상호의존적이라는 상대소득가설을 더욱 지지함을 의미한다. 셋째, 생활만족도는 일시적인 경험이지만, 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 결정요인들은 지속적으로 영향을 미친다. 생활만족감은 현 상황에서느껴지는 감정이지만, 생활만족감을 형성시키는 요인들은 일시적으로만 영향을미치는 것이 아니라 지속적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 긍정적 확산-형성이론을 뒷받침하는 결과이다. 넷째, 연령효과는 연령증가에 따라 감소하다가 증가하는 U자형의 영향을 미친다. 다섯째, 여성이 남성보다 더 높은 만족감을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 결혼, 자가보유, 가구주, 15세이하 가구원수,임금근로자 변수는 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만, 자영업종사자 여부는 상대적으로 부정적인 영향을 미친다.
Abstract
Using household- and individual-level panel data of KLIPS(Korean Labor and Income Panel Study) for 1998-2007, this study investigates the determinants of life satisfaction. Descriptive statistics show increasing trend of life satisfaction. There are regional varieties of the life satisfaction -- life satisfaction of Jeonbuk, Daegu and Daejeon has risen while that of Ulsan,Chungbuk and Busan tends to decrease or remain the same. The estimation results of random effects ordered panel model show several implications. First,life satisfaction is positively related with own income(consumption) while it is negatively related with regional average income. This result strongly support the relative income hypothesis of consumption function. Second, age effect shows concave relation with life satisfaction. Third, a female tends to show relatively higher degree of life satisfaction. Fourth, marriage, own housing,household head, the number of children under 15 years old and the wage earner tend to have positive relation with life satisfaction while the self-employed show negative relation. Finally, there is a strong support for broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions as proven by the positive and significant coefficient for lagged life satisfaction variable.
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