베트남 중앙정부의 도시개발정책과 지방정부의 역할
Urban Development Policy of the Central Government and the Role of Local Governments in Vietnam
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 목적은 베트남의 도시개발정책과 지방정부의 역할을 검토하고 이와 관련한 문제점과 한계를 설명하기 위한 것이다. 베트남은 도시개발을 통해 지속적인 경제성장을 뒷받침하고 전국의 고른 발전을 도모하기 위해 전국을 몇 개의 권역으로 나누어 관리하고 있다. 베트남 정부는 도시개발의 근간이 토지사용에 있다고 전제하고 토지 관련 제도를 정비하는 한편 각 계층별 지방정부에 도시개발 관련 권한을 이양한 바 있다. 도시개발 관련 지방정부의 권한은 지방정부 수준 및 도시계획 유형에 따라 다르다. 베트남의 도시계획 유형은 기본계획에 속하는 일반계획과 관리를 목적을 수립되는 상세계획으로 구분된다. 베트남의 지방행정체제는 3개 층으로 구성되어 있는데, 중앙 대도시권 수준, 일반시 수준, 그리고 지방 및 지역사회 수준이 그것이다. 베트남에는 전국을 모두 포괄하는 국토계획이 없는데, 이는 도시개발을 담당하는 건설부와 토지관련 권한을 다루는 자원환경부가 국토이용에 관한 권한을 나누어 가지고 있고, 이의 조정이 어렵기 때문이다. 베트남의 건설부는 종래 도시를 중심으로 한 점(point)의 패러다임과 도시와 도시를 잇는 선(line)의 패러다임에 추가하여 도시계층을 관리하기 위한 계층 패러다임, 지역(중심 도시와 주변 농촌을 포함)을 활성화하기 위한 패러다임, 정주체계개발과 관련한 패러다임을 도입하면서 자연스럽게 도시와 도시의 상호작용 관계를 조정하는 권한을 강화하고 있다. 점(도시)과 일정 범위 안에서 선(교통망)의 패러다임은 지방정부의 권한만으로 집행이 가능하지만, 지방정부 관할구역을 넘는 도시계층, 지역차원, 정주체계개발과 관련한 공간개발 패러다임은 상위 정부의 지원과 조정을 필요로 한다. 한편 도시개발의 원재료에 해당하는 토지사용권과 토지용도 지정은 자원환경부의 권한에 속하여 전체적인 국토관리 분야에서 건설부의 권한을 제한하고 있는 셈이다. 한편 베트남은 도시개발사업의 계획, 집행과 관련하여 지방정부의 역할을 강화하고 있으나 이 과정에서 지방정부는 여러 문제점과 한계를 지니고 있다. 즉, 중앙정부 차원의 정책방향과 지방정부 차원에서의 일관성 있는 실천논리 부재, 지방공무원 역량 부족, 경제력을 고려하지 못한 개발사업 남발 등이 그것이다.
Abstract
This study aims to explain urban development policy of the central government of Vietnam and the role of local governments in planning and implementing urban development projects. Urban development policy in Vietnam, affected by the Soviet Union experiences from the 1950s, has begun to introduce the capitalist model from the early of 1990s to cope with globalization and to manage emerging market in the context of, so-called "Doi Moi". Urbanization rate in Vietnam showed about 22% in 2000, and around 30% in 2009. And it is expected to be over than 45% in 2020. This growing urbanization rate in Vietnam has changed the paradigm in urban policy from the centralized system to the decentralized system. Vietnam government has begun to devolve the powers and authorities regarding urban development to local governments since the late 1990s differently according to their levels such as the central cities(Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh), I, II, III, IV, and V-class cities. At the central government level in Vietnam, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment(MRE) is responsible for land use allocation, whereas the Ministry of Construction(MOC) for urban and regional planning and development practice. Therefore, the relationship between the central government and local governments in urban development of Vietnam shows 'triangle structure' among MOC, MRE and local governments. But local governments in Vietnam can be said to have some limitations in planning and implementing urban development projects as such: inconsistency of practice of local governments with the orientation of the central government, incapacity of local public personnels to follow up the central government policy, and over-authorizing urban development projects beyond each city's economic capacity.
참고문헌 (53)
- Amin, A, "Living in the Global. in: Globalization, Institutions, and Regional Development in Europe" (1994), Oxford Univ. Press
- Archibugi F, "Comprehensive social assessment: an essential instrument for environmental policy-making. in: Economy and Ecology: Towards Sustainable Development" (1989), Kluwer
- Bailly, Antoine S, "Socially Sustainable Cities: Principles and Practices" (2000), ECONOMICA
- DO Hau, "Urban land and Real estate management" (2005), The Construction publishing house
- Glasson, John, "An Introduction to Regional Planning" (1978), Hutchinson of London
- Hanoi Architectural University (HAU), "Models and Solutions to Architecture and Planning for Typical Ecological Areas of Vietnam. National level of Scientific Research Project, Ministry of Science and Technology, Hanoi", ~ (2004)
- Hanoi People’s Committee, "Hanoi Capital Regional Planning for Transport Construction by 2020, the vision by 2050 under the Decision numbered 589(on 20 May 2008)", ~ (2008)
- Haq, Mahbub ul, "Reflections on Human Development" (1995), Oxford University Press
- Hoselitz, Bert F, "Development and the Theory of Social System. in: Social Development: Critical Perspectives" (1971), Basic Books, Inc
- LA Thi Kim Ngan, "Spatial planning practice in Vietnam", A paper presented at the Int’l Seminar on Regional Development Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (2009), Hosted by Hanoi Architectural University and KALGS(Korean Association for Local Government Studies)
- LE Hong Ke, "Sustainable development strategy in Vietnam", A paper presented at the Int’l Seminar on Regional Development Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (2009), Hosted by Hanoi Architectural University and KALGS(Korean Association for Local Government Studies)
- LE Hong Ke, "Urban Environmental Planning and Sustainable Urban Development" (2009), Construction Publishing House
- LE Hong Ke, "Analysis Impact of Urbanization Policies to Sustainability of Development in Vietnam, Hanoi", ~ (2005)
- Ministry of Construction (MoC), "Building Codes of Vietnam, Volume III" (1997), Construction Publishing House
- National Urban Upgrading Program. Final Report, "Ministry of Construction", ~ (2008)
- Ministry of Construction, "Orientation of Urban Planning and Development of Vietnam up to 2020" (1999), Construction Publishing House
- Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, "Seminar on urban land use and management" (2008)
- Researches on the improvement of land management system to form and develop real estate market in Vietnam, "Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment", ~ (2004)
- Ministry of Planning and Investment (MPI), "Environment Issues in Investment", ~ (2000)
- "Planning. Project VIE", 97, ~
- National Assembly (NA), "Law on Construction. Hanoi", ~ (2003)
- National Assembly, "Law on Environment Protection. Hanoi", ~ (2005)
- National Institute of Urban and Rural Planning, "Spatial Planning of Hanoi Region" (2005), Ministry of Construction
- Nguyen, Ba An, "Viewpoints of Economic Regions and Current Classification of Economic Regions in Vietnam. Institute of Development Strategy" (2002), Ministry of Planning and Investment
- Nguyen, To Lang, "Vietnam in Urbanization and Sustainability in Asia: Good Practice Approaches in Urban Region Development. Asian Development Bank" (2006), Cities Alliance
- Nguyen, To Lang, "Regional Development Policy of Vietnam, Opportunities and Challenges", Regional Development Dialogue. United Nations Centre for Regional Development, 29(1) (2008)
- Nguyen To Lang, "Regional Development Paradigm", A paper presented at the Int’l Seminar on Regional Development Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (2009), Hanoi, Hosted by Hanoi Architectural University and KALGS(Korean Association for Local Government Studies)
- Ministry of Construction, "Revised Orientation of Master Plan for Vietnam Urban System by 2025, the vision by 2050 - Institute for Urban and Rural Architecture and Planning", ~ (2008)
- Pham Kim Giao, "Regional Planning" (2000), Construction Publishing House
- So, Jin-kwang, "Social Capital and Community Development", Journal of Korean Community Development Society, 24(1), pp.29~47 (1999)
- So, Jin-kwang, "Social Capital and Regional Development Paradigm", Journal of The Korean Regional development Association, 12(3), pp.1~16 (2000)
- So, Jin-kwang, "Local Autonomy and Regional Development" (2005), Pakyoungsa
- So, Jin-kwang, "Local Governance through Saemaul Undong in Asian Countries", A Paper presented at the Workshop hosted by UNECA(United Nations Economic and Social Council for Africa) (2008)
- So, Jin-kwang, "Understanding Korean Local Government" (2008), Pakyoungsa
- "The 1980 Constitution of the Social Republic of Vietnam", ~
- "The 1987, 1993 and 2001 Land Law, The National Political Publishing House", ~
- "The 1992 Constitution of the Social Republic of Vietnam", ~
- "The 1995 Civil Code, The National Political Publishing House", ~
- "The 2003 Construction Law, The National Political Publishing House", ~
- "The 2003 Land Law, The Mapping publishing House, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment", ~
- "The 2009 Urban Planning Law, Vietnam Government, The National Labor Publishing House", ~
- The Urban Governance Initiative (TUGI), "Action for better cities - Tools and Methodologies for Good Urban Governance" (2001), Kuala Lumpur
- Tran, Ngoc Chinh, "Urban Development Policy in Vietnam", Paper presented at the Seminar on “Fifty Years (1956-2006) of Construction Planning Achievements” (2006)
- Tran, Trong Hanh, "Theory and Practice of Regional Planning in Vietnam, Meanings and Importance of the Issues", Construction Planning Journal (2006)
- Tran Trung Nghia, "Atomic Electricity is the strategic energy of Vietnam", ~ (2008)
- Vietnam Communist Party, "Some revisions and supplementations to Plan for Developing Industrial Parks by 2015, by 2030 the system of transportation in Vietnam will be finalized", ~ (2009)
- Vietnam Construction Association, "Improving the effectiveness of infrastructural management", Summary record of workshop (1999)
- Vietnam Government, "Master Planning for infrastructure in Vietnam Coastal Central region - under the Decision numbered 61", 2008TTg(on 9 May 2008), 2008
- Vu Thi Vinh, "Plan for infrastructure investment and operation", Summary record of workshop (2008), Vietnam Construction Association
- Vietnam Government, "Vietnam manages its public expenditures for growth and poverty reduction - Joint report of with the supports by the donors with the same purposes - Financial Press", ~ (2005)
- Vietnam urban development planning association, "Vietnam urban development planning, opportunities and challenges", ~ (2008)
- World Bank in Vietnam, "Cities Development Strategy - Facing challenges related to rapid urbanization and transition toward market economy", ~ (2006)
- World Bank in Vietnam, "Electricity Development - Growth Management and Reforms", ~ (2006)