하노이의 개발과 도시계획: 역사적 과정과 정책적 함의
Development Process and Urban Planning of Hanoi, Vietnam: Historic Process and Policy Implications
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베트남은 1986년 대내개혁과 대외개방을 근간으로 하는 개혁개방 쇄신정책을 채택한 이후 활발한 해외투자유치 및 기술도입 그리고 양질의 풍부한 노동력활용 등에 힘입어 지속적인 도시화와 경제성장을 경험하고 있다. 베트남의 시장지향적 경제개발이 진행되는 과정에서 수도 하노이(Hanoi)는 남부 중심지 호치민(Ho Chi Minh)시와 함께 국가 경제발전을 이끄는 견인차 역할을 하면서 급속한 도시개발과 공간적 팽창을 거듭하고 있다. 그러나 동남아의 여러 대도시 경험에서 나타나듯이 하노이의 이러한 경제적 성취와 개발의 효과가 긍정적 측면만 노정하는 것은 아니다. 하노이는 프랑스 식민시대 이후 계속된 계획적 노력에도 불구하고, 특히 성장관리의 측면에서, 주택 및 기반시설, 부동산, 시가지 환경 및 교통 등 여러 부문에서 문제를 노출하고 있다. 이러한 배경에서, 본 논문은 관련 문헌분석과 현지조사를 바탕으로, 첫째, 하노이의 개발과정을 식민지 시기(1875-1944), 사회주의 개발시기(1945-1985) 그리고 혼합경제시기(1986-현재)로 구분하여 이해하고, 둘째, 하노이의 도시종합계획과 계획체계를 분석한 다음, 향후 도시개발의 주요 쟁점과 문제점을 제시하여 관련 정책적 함의를 도출하는 데 그 목적이 있다.
Abstract
Vietnam, since the adoption of ‘Doi Moi’ policy in 1986, has undergone continuous urbanization as well as remarkable economic growth based upon the benefits raised by, among others, growing invitation of Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) and of technology. Over 20-year's gradual accommodation of market-oriented economic planning, the Capital, Hanoi, along with Ho Chi Minh City, has been a leading space for the country's economic development as well as socio․cultural transformation. Yet, Hanoi's contribution to the national development has simultaneously caused a series of urban problems. Throughout the process of rapid economic development and the accompanying spatial expansion, the city has faced with many challenges in such aspects including housing, infrastructure, land price, environmental quality and transport. Nonetheless, the current distresses should be seen as hurdles to be possibly overcome or mitigated by realistic policies and programs. In the vein, the study attempt i) to provide an explanation of Hanoi's development process, ii) to analyze its major comprehensive plans and planning system, and iii) to discuss primary issues/problems in order to suggest some policy implications.
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