페데리코 2세와 루체라의 무슬림 공동체
Federico Ⅱ and the Muslim Community of Lucera
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초록
중세 유럽의 역사에서 신성로마제국의 황제 페데리코 2세는 신화의 수수께끼에 둘러싸여 있는 가장 대표적인 인물 가운데 하나이다. 특히 제국의 황제이자 시칠리아 왕으로서 그가 보여준 낯선 행적은, 그의 시대부터 오늘날에 이르기까지, 그를 종교적 관용주의자나 친-무슬림주의자로 해석하도록 이끌고 있다. 본고는 1220년대 초반 그가 아풀리아 지방의 작은 도시 루체라에 건설했던 무슬림 공동체에 주목하면서 이와 같은 신화 속의 페데리코를 역사의 장으로 옮겨오려는 시도이다. 특히 그와 교황 그레고리오 9세 사이에서 루체라의 무슬림 공동체와 관련되어 전개된 논전을 제 각기 권력을 확대하려던 교황과 황제의 정치적 이해관계가 충돌한 결과로 해석하면서, 본고는 루체라의 무슬림 공동체가 황제의 통치권 강화라는 지극히 세속적인 이유에서 건설되었다고 주장한다. 더욱이 이러한 맥락에서, 적어도 종교적인 차원에서는 교황과 황제 사이에 커다란 이견이 없었으며, 오히려 페데리코가 1215년 라테라노 공의회에서 개진된 교회의 이교도 정책을 충실히 계승했다는 점을 강조한다. 결론적으로 이를 고려한다면, 페데리코는 결코 반-기독교주의 회의주의자가 아니었고, 마찬가지로 루체라 역시 종교적 관용의 공간이 아니었다.
Abstract
Federico Ⅱ, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, is one of the most representative of the Middle Ages who was shrouded in enigmas. In particular, his unfamiliar walk of life as an Emperor as well as a king of the Kingdom of Sicily has led one to regard him as a religious tolerationist or even an Islamophile from his time onwards. By focusing on the Muslim community which he established at Lucera, a small city in the region of Apulia, from the early 1220s to the middle of 1240, the present study attempts at reinterpreting such a mythical figures as Federico in a historical terrain. In order to do this, this study analyzes the dispute between him and the Pope Gregory Ⅸ in a dimension of the secular clash for consolidating the political power in their own ways, and contends that the Muslim community of Lucera was constructed for the purpose of strengthening sovereign power of the emperor. In addition, by maintaining that there was no conspicuous difference between him and the Pope at least with regard to the religious views, this study puts much emphasis on the fact that, as far as the pagan were concerned, Federico faithfully followed the policy of the Church which was stated during the Council of Lateran in 1215. Consequently, Federico was not an anti-Christian sceptic, and in the same manner Lucera was not the a place of tolerance at all.
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