조선시대 시가의 유민 형상과 호모 아토포스적 면모

Abstract

This paper aims to interpret the image of Refugees in the Poetry of Joseon Dynasty as Homo Atopos. Liú mín(流民, refugees), the placeless being, which literally means people who wander here and there without any shelter or settlements, can be analyzed as the typical manifestation of Homo Atopos, a state that cannot be fixed in any place or a being whose identity cannot be determined. Interpellated as Homo Atopos, Liú mín are able to be literarily and academically evident, by being related to their place or placelessness itself. Through the Sino-Korean epics and Gasa(歌辭) of Joseon dynasty, the writers frequently encountered the agony of Liú mín, spoke for Liú mín, and revealed self-contradictions of the Monarchy, which had claimed the mandate of heaven based on the Confucian ideology of ài mín(愛民). These aspects of ‘the solidarity based on sympathy’ were expanded and spread into their ontological solidarity, and finally became the ‘Unstructured network of Sympathy.’ A series of creations of Gasa and Folk-songs for the unity and the will to strike of peoples during the people’s uprising of 19th Century, meanwhile, can be referred to the ‘Unstructured network of Resistance.’ Liú mín have been traditionally defined as the scattered being of agony and lack who needed charity. The placelessness of Liú mín, therefore, has been recognized as a state of perishment and despair, facing the extreme situation. Just like a imagination of Utopia originated from the suppression and famine, however, the desire for a better world could be formed at this placelessness. The ‘Unstructured network of Sympathy and Resistance’ discovered in the poetry of Joseon dynasty suggests that at least some of Liú mín were the active subject who had enough expandability of solidarity, and their placelessness could become a principle of hope.