율법과 복음 ―디다케, 바울, 예수의 이해

Abstract

Didache is the oldest document of the Church except for the New Testament. It is a very important text to understand the early Church’s faith and theology. Another title for Didache is The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles. Seeberg suggested its era as the early 2nd century. However, A. von Harnack said that it belongs between A.D. 120 and A.D. 165. In this essay, I compared the scheme of Didache and Galatians. As a result, firstly it is evident that Didache’s theology is nomianism, while Galatians’ is evangelicalism. Secondly, I compared St. Paul's and Jesus’ understanding of the relationship between law and gospel, act and faith. My analysis is that the logic of Paul’s Galatians Chapter 2 and 3 is alternative (either A or B), whereas the logic of Jesus is double affirmative (both A and B). Paul affirmed not act and law but faith and gospel. However, Jesus and James affirmed both act and faith, law and gospel. Paul’s logic is very useful for the repentance and conversion of an unbeliever. However, once he becomes a Christian, Jesus’ logic is more useful and necessary to make him a mature Christian. In the past 500 years of Protestant history, the Protestant Church has emphasized evangelism, Church growth, faith, and Spirit baptism. As a result, the Protestant Church has become the largest Church in the world. However, in the Protestant Church, act, love, law, and practice are relatively being neglected and an antinomian atmosphere is spreading in the Church. Therefore, I suggest that the Protestant Church must emphasize both Paul's logic of “either A or B” and Jesus’ logic of “both A and B” together. Then the Church will become a much more mature and balanced Church in the future.