마틴 루터와 존 웨슬리에게 있어 그리스도와 율법의 관계 비교
Christ and the Law in Martin Luther and John Wesley
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율법과 복음을 어떻게 이해하고 가르치는가의 문제는 언제나 교회의 가장 중요한 과제로서, 죄인의 구원과 신자의 거룩한 삶의 핵심적요소였다. 루터의 종교개혁은 가톨릭의 율법주의에 저항하여 교회에성경적 율법과 이신칭의의 복음을 회복시키기 위한 운동이었다면, 웨슬리의 감리교운동은 루터의 부정적 율법 묘사가 야기한 개신교 내의 율법무용론을 경계하고 하나님 은총이 성화까지도 가능케 함을 강조함으로써 율법과 복음에 대한 종교개혁적 이해를 보완하려는 것이었다. 본 연구는 마틴 루터와 존 웨슬리의 율법과 복음의 관계 이해를명확하게 하기 위한 목적으로 그들이 각각 기독론과 율법 사이의 관계를어떻게 보았는지 밝히고, 두 신학을 비교한 것이다. 칭의와 성화 모두그리스도의 의의 전가로만 가능하며, 인간의 어떤 행함, 헌신, 순종도구원의 공로가 되지 못함을 강조함으로써, 루터 신학의 신중심적 특징은그가 제시한 기독론과 율법의 관계 속에 잘 표현되어 있다. 반면, 하나님의 은총의 토대 위에서 율법을 위한 자리를 마련하고 칭의와 성화를함께 강조하는 웨슬리 신학의 특징 역시 그리스도의 삼중직이 율법에대한 순종을 약화시키지 않는다는 가르침 속에 잘 드러난다.
Abstract
How to understand and teach the law and the gospel has been the most important subject in the Church as an essential element in saving sinners and leading believers to a holy life. While Luther's reformation was an attempt to return to a biblical theology of the law and the gospel of justification by faith against the Catholic Church’s legalism, Wesley’s Methodist movement had a complementary nature that warned against the Protestant Church’s antinomianism which Luther’s negative representation of the law caused, and emphasized the role of the law for sanctification on the foundation of God’s grace which Luther taught. This study aims, firstly, to investigate the two theologians’theologies of the law in relation to their views of Christ, and,secondly, to analyze the similarities and differences between them. In his theocentric Christology, Luther represented the imputation of Christ’s righteousness as the sole way of both justification and sanctification. Any works, devotion and obedience on the human side, which are sinful as well as not perfect, cannot be meritorious for salvation. Wesley’s teaching of the three offices of Christ, though firmly founded on Luther’s teaching of sola gratia, did not weaken the necessity of believers’ obedience to God’s law.
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