北魏前期 胡語 사용 현상과 그 배경

Abstract

Some Chinese Researchers of China histoy argued that Tuoba clans dominated Normadic People were Sinicized in the early period of Beiwei. The Evidence of Sinicization in the early period of Beiwei is China-oriented political systeme of bureaucracy, government organization, Confucius rituals, etc. I denied Sinicization in the early period of Beiwei, and needed to prove that it is not true. So I select the Xianbei or normadic People's speaking languages for examples of no sinicization in the early period. Someone said that After Tuoba-dominated nomads or horse-riding warriors occupied Huabei(華北), or the Northern China proper it was certain for them to be Sinicized, speaking Chinese-speaking language, to eat Chinese foods, and to wear the Chinese Clothes in the early period of Beiwei. But in truth, they spoke their languages, using their tribe or family names, personal names, official names, calling their rulers the Kaghan, not Huangdi(emperor). After analyzing the words of the Xianbei or normadic People and that of the Turks and the Mongol, Some scholars agreed that the Xianbei or normadic People's speaking languages were similar to the Turks and the Mongolian languages. So they needed the the interpreting officials translating their non-Chinese spoken orders into Chinese language and Chinese letters, in order that Chinese officials might conduct administrative affairs in court and the Chinese-living regions. So How and why could they speak their langauges not Chinese-speaking language in the early period of Beiwei? First, most of courtiers, official and the nomadic royal guards near Beiwei emperors were selected from Xianbei or nomadic people(or horse-riding warriors) who spoke their languages, which emperors and the ruling class needed not to learn speaking Chinese-speaking language and be influenced by Chienese. In fact, Chinese officials had no politial inffluence. Second, they lived nomad's pastrol glasslands and the mixture zone between nomad's pastrol culture and agricultural zone where a few Chinese lived. So, they were not or few influenced by Chinese spoken people or Chinese culture. Third, Beiwei emperors from emperor of Daowu(道武帝)-the first emperor of Beiwei- to emperor of Xianwen(獻文帝)-the fifth emperor of Beiwei- were often went the regions such as Jingji(京畿), Hexi(河西), Inshan Mountains(陰山), Monan(漠南), and Mobei(漠北) where nomadic or pastrol persons lived, which were not or few influenced by Chinese spoken people or Chinese culture, neither.