헝가리 복지정책의 변화와 사회·경제적 결과
Changes in the Welfare Policy and Their Socio-economic Effects in Hungary
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사회주의 유산을 물려받은 헝가리는 시장경제체제로의 전환에 따라 1990년대부터 복지제도의 재정비가 추진되어왔다. 2000년대에 들어서면서는 그 변화의 양상이 복잡하게 전개되고 있지만 전반적인 경향은 유럽의 사회적 모델과 결별하는 과정에 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 특히, 2010년 이후 피데스(Fidesz) 정부가 추진해 온 정책은 헝가리 복지제도의 뿌리를 근본적으로 변화시키고 있는 양상이다. 노동자의 권리 및 교섭기관의 약화, 실업자에 대한 사회보호 삭감, 조기연금의 축소, 사적연금의 재국유화, 평등한 기회의 축소 등과 같은 일련의 조처는 헝가리의 복지제도를 약화시킴으로써 사회 양극화, 빈곤의 심화, 사회적 불안정 증가 등의 문제를 증폭시키고 있다. 비록 지난 수 십 년간 재정위기로 인한 복지공급의 축소가 지속적으로 진행되어왔지만, 최근 피데스 정부의 조처는 훨씬 더 근본적인 복지제도의 변화를 의미하며 다분히 정치적인 동기가 내포되어 있다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
Hungarian welfare system has been changed since the 1990s in which there was a transition from a socialist planned economy to a market one. Since 2010 Conservative Fidesz government has radically changed the root of the welfare system. Government measures, including the diminishment of the rights of workers and consultative agencies, the curtailment of social protection for the unemployed, the reduction of early pension, the re-nationalization of private pension, and the contraction of equal opportunity, have brought the decay of the welfare system and increased social polarization, poverty and social instability. Recent Hungarian welfare system seems to keep away from European Social Model.
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