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탈사회주의 이후 헝가리 시민사회에 관한 연구

Civil Society in Hungary after Socialism

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키워드

주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 사회주의체제의 붕괴 이후 헝가리 정치민주화 과정에서 보인 시민사회의 변화과정을 고찰하여 정치민주화의 공고화를 판단할 수 있는 기초 자료를 도출하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 우선 1990년 이후 헝가리 시민사회에 관한 기초 자료를 분석하여 헝가리 시민사회의 현황을 살펴보았으며, 이후 자유총선을 통해 집권한정권별로 시기를 구분하여 각 시기별로 시민사회의 변화과정을 고찰하였다. 연구 결과헝가리 시민사회는 정치민주화 초반에는 발전하는 양상을 보이다가 2000년대에 들어발전이 후퇴하는 모습을 보였다. 헝가리 시민사회 발전의 후퇴는 엘리트 중심의 정치민주화, 시민사회의 정치화 및 급진화, 시민사회단체의 재정능력 부족 등 내적 역량 부족, 대중적 지지기반의 취약, 정부와 시민사회 간의 엘리트연합체제의 성립 등이 원인으로 작용하였다. 이에 본 연구는 헝가리 정치민주화가 제도적 도입을 넘어 안정적으로공고화되지 못하고 있는 것으로 평가하면서 헝가리 정치민주화에 대한 지속적인 관찰과 연구가 필요하다는 결론을 내렸다.

Abstract

The purpose of the study is, in order to examine the consolidation of political democratization despite of the institutionalization of political democracy, to consider the changing process of civil society in Hungary since de-socialism. For the purpose, the study first of all analyzed the basic data about the Hungarian civil society produced by Hungarian statistical office, Freedom House, and USAID. Then the study also investigated the characteristics of civil society by the period of each ruling administration resulted from the free elections of 6 times. Although the de-socialism had contributed the invigoration of civil society in Hungary, the development of civil society have been recessing through the elite-centered democracy, the politisized and radicalization of civil society, the lack of internal management capacity of civil society organizations, the weakness of public support ground, and the establishment of elite-coalition between the new ruling political elites and the leaders of civil society. The study emphasized that the political democratization in Hungary has been not finished yet and should be observed for its sustainable consolidation in continue.

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