동유럽 복지국가에서의 사회정책의 차이: 빈곤과 소득불평등을 중심으로
Differences in Social Policy among the Eastern European Welfare States: Focusing on Poverty and Income Inequality
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초록
본 연구는 동유럽 복지국가에서의 사회정책의 차이를 빈곤과 소득불평등 그리고 공적 사회지출을 중심으로 살펴 본 것이다. 먼저 동유럽 복지국가들간의 유사성과 다양성에 대해 검토한 다음 빈곤과 소득불평등의 국가간 차이를 비교 분석하였는데 그 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 체코, 헝가리, 슬로베니아, 슬로바키아 같은 국가들에서의 빈곤과 소득불평등은 EU 전체에서 가장 낮은 수준에 속하는 반면, 불가리아와 루마니아, 그리고 발트 3국은 EU 전체에서 매우 심각한 국가군에 속하는 것으로 판명되었다. 둘째, 이러한 차이는 이들 국가들 간의 공적사회지출 규모의 차이를 반영하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 체제전환 이후 복지개혁 등에 있어서도 상당한 차이가 있었다는 것을 보여준다. 셋째, 전망과 관련해서도 후자에 속하는 나라들은 특히 약한 시민사회, 낙후된 민주주의, 광범위한 지하경제 등으로 인해 상당기간 어려움을 겪을 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the differences in social policy among the Eastern European welfare states, with focus on ‘poverty and income inequality’. The key arguments of this paper are as follows; first, concerning poverty and income inequality rates, Czech, Hungary, Slovenia, and Slovakia are in the lowest group of the EU countries. On the contrary, Bulgaria, Romania and the Baltic 3 countries are in the highest group in the EU countries. Second, these differences among Eastern European Countries reflect not only the differences in the size of public social expenditure, but also the different characteristics of welfare reform after the transformation process from the Communist system. Third, in relation to possibilities of welfare development, the prospects in Bulgaria, Romania and the Baltic 3 countries are discouraging, because compared with other post communist countries, there is a relatively undeveloped political democracy, a weak civil society and a high level of shadow economy in these countries.
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