우크라이나 사태 이후 러시아의 에너지 안보 상황과 중앙아시아의 보완적 요인
Russia’s Energy Security Situation after the Ukraine Crisis and Complementary Factors in Central Asia
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서방의 경제제재로 인해 러시아는 자국의 핵심적인 이익이 관여된 에너지 분야에서 타격을 받게 되었다. 러시아는 중국, 인도 등에 대한 에너지 수출국 다변화와 가격 유지를 통해 자국의 이익을 지키기 위해 노력해오고 있으나 이는 충분한 대안이 되지 못한다. 따라서 러시아로서는 중앙아시아와의 연계를 통해 이 문제를 해결하고자 하며 첫째는 중앙아시아에 대한 에너지 공급을 시작으로, 이 지역을 매개로 하여 파키스탄과 이란 등 남아시아에 대한 에너지 공급을 확장하고자 한다. 이것은 새로운 수요처 발굴의 의도가 강하며 서방에 대한 에너지 수출 감축을 일정 부분 상쇄시켜줄 수 있을 것이다. 둘째는 중앙아시아에 대한 에너지 협력 강화를 통해 향후 EAEU 에너지 및 전기 시장의 통합화 과정에서 자국의 실익과 입장을 더욱 확고히 하고자 한다. 향후 통합될 EAEU 가스 시장에서 카자흐스탄 기업의 참여를 견제하고 EAEU 공동의 에너지 시장에서 독점적 에너지 공급자로서의 지위를 공고히 하고자 한다.
Abstract
Western economic sanctions have hit Russia hard in the energy sector, where its vital interests are at stake. Russia has been trying to protect its interests by diversifying its energy exports to China, India, and other countries and maintaining prices, but this is not a sufficient alternative. Therefore, Russia wants to solve this problem by connecting with Central Asia, starting with energy supplies to Central Asia and expanding energy supplies to South Asia, including Pakistan and Iran, through this region. The intention is to find new sources of demand and to partially offset the reduction of energy exports to the West. Second, it wants to strengthen energy cooperation with Central Asia to better position itself and its interests in the future integration of the EAEU energy and electricity markets. It seeks to curb the participation of Kazakh companies in the future integrated EAEU gas market and consolidate its position as a monopoly energy supplier in the EAEU common energy market.
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