명대 문사(文社)의 활동과 과거 문풍(文風)의 상관성: 제도·활동·권력을 중심으로
Correlation between the Activities of Literary Society and Style of Writing in Ming Dynasty: Conserning the System, Activities and Power
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In Ming Dynasty, Imperial Exam was introduced in the 3rd year of Hong Wu (洪武) where the questions were set out from Four Books and Five Classics (四書五經) and the style of writing as Baguwen (i.e., Eight-part Essay, a style of writing in ancient China). This system was called as Baguwen Qushi System (八股取士制) through which the officials were selected. At that time, the people needed to prepare for the exam and so literary societies (文社) appeared to serve them. Literary Society was one of the important cultural phenomena in ancient China. The members of the literary societies realized their dreams to become an official by the official exam system and private organization, and the literary societies became a platform to open the doors to success for them. Through various activities, the literary societies did a role as 'a place of learning' and 'a door to fame and fortune' for their members. Literary society was a group of literary men due to the Baguwen Qushi System (八股取士制) in the manner of 'literature' of writing Baguwen, and both the aspects of system and literary development shall be considered. Analysis by such approach suggests that literary development was pushed not only by literature itself but also by system and politics, which have close relationship with eath other in pushing its development and changes. Therefore, this paper is intended to make analysis concerning literary society in Ming Dynasty from the point of view of the relationship between literary society and Imperial Exam, considering the aspects 'System-Activities-Power', and based on existing research results. This paper roughly covers the issues as the appearance of Baguwen Qushi System (八股取士制), relationship therewith, their activities, literary spirit with Imperial Exam, power and impact of the literary societies and their limitations, etc. Through such process of study, we would find out various aspects shown with the system and literature, and understand the meaning of literary society in Ming Dynasty as a new literal aspect.
Abstract
In Ming Dynasty, Imperial Exam was introduced in the 3rd year of Hong Wu (洪武) where the questions were set out from Four Books and Five Classics (四書五經) and the style of writing as Baguwen (i.e., Eight-part Essay, a style of writing in ancient China). This system was called as Baguwen Qushi System (八股取士制) through which the officials were selected. At that time, the people needed to prepare for the exam and so literary societies (文社) appeared to serve them. Literary Society was one of the important cultural phenomena in ancient China. The members of the literary societies realized their dreams to become an official by the official exam system and private organization, and the literary societies became a platform to open the doors to success for them. Through various activities, the literary societies did a role as 'a place of learning' and 'a door to fame and fortune' for their members. Literary society was a group of literary men due to the Baguwen Qushi System (八股取士制) in the manner of 'literature' of writing Baguwen, and both the aspects of system and literary development shall be considered. Analysis by such approach suggests that literary development was pushed not only by literature itself but also by system and politics, which have close relationship with eath other in pushing its development and changes. Therefore, this paper is intended to make analysis concerning literary society in Ming Dynasty from the point of view of the relationship between literary society and Imperial Exam, considering the aspects 'System-Activities-Power', and based on existing research results. This paper roughly covers the issues as the appearance of Baguwen Qushi System (八股取士制), relationship therewith, their activities, literary spirit with Imperial Exam, power and impact of the literary societies and their limitations, etc. Through such process of study, we would find out various aspects shown with the system and literature, and understand the meaning of literary society in Ming Dynasty as a new literal aspect.
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