중국 지역 소수민족 중국ㆍ티베트어, 크라ㆍ다이어, 몽ㆍ몐어 피동 구조 연구
A Study on the Passive Structure of Sino-Tibetan, Kra-Dai, and Hmong-Mien Languages of Ethnic Minorities in China
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This paper examines the passive structure of Sino-Tibetan, Kra-Dai, and Hmong-Mien languages of ethnic minorities in China from the perspective of Canonical Typology. The word order of passive sentences in these languages is that the patient subject appears at the beginning of the sentence, and the agent appears after the subject, and the VP appears at the end of the sentence. This word order showed the characteristic of a passive sentence of “actor defocusing”. These languages mainly used the periphrastic verb marker, and few languages used the synthetic verb marker. The verbs in passive sentences of these languages show canonical characteristics in that they are transitive verbs and dynamic verbs in most cases. And the actors in passive sentences of these languages usually explicit, but the manifestation is not essential. And they are definite noun, and have high animacy in most cases. The subjects in passive sentences usually explicit, and they do a role of patient, and they are not responsible for the event that occurred. And these Languages have adversative passive in most cases. And in Zaiwa language, there is a passive marker that reinforces the adversative meaning and can indicate whether the actor's behavior is intentional or not.
Abstract
This paper examines the passive structure of Sino-Tibetan, Kra-Dai, and Hmong-Mien languages of ethnic minorities in China from the perspective of Canonical Typology. The word order of passive sentences in these languages is that the patient subject appears at the beginning of the sentence, and the agent appears after the subject, and the VP appears at the end of the sentence. This word order showed the characteristic of a passive sentence of “actor defocusing”. These languages mainly used the periphrastic verb marker, and few languages used the synthetic verb marker. The verbs in passive sentences of these languages show canonical characteristics in that they are transitive verbs and dynamic verbs in most cases. And the actors in passive sentences of these languages usually explicit, but the manifestation is not essential. And they are definite noun, and have high animacy in most cases. The subjects in passive sentences usually explicit, and they do a role of patient, and they are not responsible for the event that occurred. And these Languages have adversative passive in most cases. And in Zaiwa language, there is a passive marker that reinforces the adversative meaning and can indicate whether the actor's behavior is intentional or not.
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