『노걸대(老乞大)』에 나타나는 명령(祈使) 어기의 ‘者’ 변화 양상 고찰

Abstract

This study classified the sub-meanings of ‘zhe(者)’, a word of imperative mood in 『yuanlao』, into command, suggestion, blessing, discouragement, request, and exhort by analyzing 72 example sentences, and also observed the patterns of change shown in 『yuanlao』, 『fanlao』, 『laoyan』, 『laoxin』, and 『chonglao』 based on the aforementioned 6 sub-meanings. As a result of classifying the types of change of the 6 sub-meanings, there were 12 kinds for command, 8 kinds for suggestion, 3 kinds for bleesing, 1 kind for discouragement, 3 kinds for request, and 1 kind for exhort. According to the overall statistics, the change that accounted for the largest number of changes of ‘zhe(者)’, a word of imperative mood, was when ‘zhe(者)’ was replaced by ‘zhe(着)’ and then omitted. The second was when ‘zhe(者)’ was replaced with ‘zhe(着)’ and then replaced with ‘ba(罷)’, and the third was when ‘zhe(者)’ was replaced by ‘zhe(着)’ and then continued to maintain its form. Through this, it was seen that ‘zhe(者)’ in『yuanlao』changed its form to ‘zhe(着)’ in 『fanlao』and『laoyan』, and then it was divided into three major branches such as the maintenance, omission and appearance of ‘ba(罷)’ in 『laoxin』 and 『chonglao』. Semantically, it was identified that after ‘zhe(者)’ of『yuanlao』changed its form to ‘zhe(着)’ in『fanlao』and『laoyan』, its imperative mood weakened in 『laoxin』 and 『chonglao』. This pattern of change is that Chinese langauage(Hanyu,汉语) ‘zhe(者)’ affected by Mongolian language during the Yuan Dynasty escaped from its influence by the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, was ommited, changed the form to ‘zhe(着)’ or replaced by ‘ba(罷)’ previously used. It is the transition from Jindai Hanyu(近代汉语) to Xiadai Hanyu(现代汉语) and shows the change of Chinese language through ‘zhe(者)’.