《老乞大》中语气词“裏”的演变

Abstract

This paper analyzes the language mood of example sentences including the language mood particle ‘li(裏)’, which appears in the five kinds of 《Laoqida(老乞大)》, and examines the changes. In 《Laoqida》, there are language mood particles ‘li(裏)’ and ‘li(哩)’, and ‘li(裏)’ has the highest frequency of appearance in 《yuanlao(原老)》, and maintained its frequency in 《fanlao(翻老)》 and 《laoyan(老谚)》, but disappeared in 《laoxin(老新)》. ‘li(哩)’ appeared in 《laoxin》, and its use continued until 《chonglao(重老)》. According to the language mood and its appearance position, the study divided it into the end of the statement, the end of the interrogative, the end of the exclamation, and the middle of the sentence. Based on this classification, the study examined the changes in the five kinds of 《Laoqida》. The change pattern that showed the highest frequency of appearance in the five kinds of 《Laoqida》 was ‘‘li(裏)’ →‘li(裏)’ →‘li(裏)’ → omission→ omission’, and the language mood particle ‘li(裏)’ showed a pattern of omission. In addition, we confirmed an example sentence in which ‘li(裏)’ does not change to ‘li(哩)’ in 《yuanlao》, but changes directly to ‘ne(呢)’ in 《laoxin》. Even if ‘ne(呢)’ appears in 《laoxin》, ‘ne(呢)’ in 《laoxin》 and 《chonglao》 does not seem to have a correlation with ‘li(裏)’ in 《yuanlao》 because it was replaced or omitted by ‘le(了)’ in the 《chonglao》. This paper believes that the cause of the change is the development of the language mood particle ‘le(了)’, the use of other language mood elements, omission due to economy of language, and the change in the process of returning to the original form of the Chinese language from the influence of Mongolian language.