중국어 남녀 관련 신어의 사회ㆍ문화적 의미 - 2005년부터 2020년까지 신어를 대상으로
The Social and Cultural Significance of Gender-related Neologisms in Chinese-Focused on neologisms from 2005–2020
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In this paper, we conduct research in two ways: First is a quantitative study that examines the distribution and generative trends of gender-specific terms included in Chinese neologism dictionaries from 2005 to 2020. This analysis reveals that among the gender markers in Chinese neologisms, “-nu (woman),” “-nan (man),” and “-ge (brother)” are highly productive. In particular, the active generation of “-nan (man)” and “-ge (brother)” started in the 2000s, indicating a temporal shift in male referential terms. Second is a qualitative study that explores Chinese people's interests and values, as well as changes in contemporary Chinese society as reflected in Chinese gender-related neologisms from social and cultural perspectives. Gender-related neologisms in Chinese are primarily generated in areas related to personality, appearance, wealth, and marriage. Neologisms describing unmarried women are generated actively, whereas those for men are not. This gap has shaped perspectives on women and men, contributing to gender discrimination in contemporary Chinese society. Moreover, when female qualities are expressed in males, they are often perceived negatively and given negative connotations in the language. Conversely, when male attributes are associated with females, they tend to carry positive connotations, revealing the persistence of traditional Chinese values in neologisms. In addition, the vocabulary related to various professions highlight the emergence of new job categories for both men and women. However, when men engage in traditionally female-dominated professions, it becomes a social issue and/or comedic references to them become popular, reflecting the representation of social gender roles in the Chinese language.
Abstract
In this paper, we conduct research in two ways: First is a quantitative study that examines the distribution and generative trends of gender-specific terms included in Chinese neologism dictionaries from 2005 to 2020. This analysis reveals that among the gender markers in Chinese neologisms, “-nu (woman),” “-nan (man),” and “-ge (brother)” are highly productive. In particular, the active generation of “-nan (man)” and “-ge (brother)” started in the 2000s, indicating a temporal shift in male referential terms. Second is a qualitative study that explores Chinese people's interests and values, as well as changes in contemporary Chinese society as reflected in Chinese gender-related neologisms from social and cultural perspectives. Gender-related neologisms in Chinese are primarily generated in areas related to personality, appearance, wealth, and marriage. Neologisms describing unmarried women are generated actively, whereas those for men are not. This gap has shaped perspectives on women and men, contributing to gender discrimination in contemporary Chinese society. Moreover, when female qualities are expressed in males, they are often perceived negatively and given negative connotations in the language. Conversely, when male attributes are associated with females, they tend to carry positive connotations, revealing the persistence of traditional Chinese values in neologisms. In addition, the vocabulary related to various professions highlight the emergence of new job categories for both men and women. However, when men engage in traditionally female-dominated professions, it becomes a social issue and/or comedic references to them become popular, reflecting the representation of social gender roles in the Chinese language.
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