광무양전의 토지파악 방식과 그 의미

Abstract

This writing is aimed at clarifying the character of Gwangmu Yangjeon by doing analytical comparison between Yangan(land register based on land survey) and land investigation sheet of Geumsan-ri, Namil-myon, Juksan-gun, Gyeonggi-do(the present Geumsan-ri, Iljuk-myon, Sanseong-si). For this purpose, this writing compared the contents of these two documents by interlinking the land register and individual pieces of land of the land investigation sheet. In the early 20th century, the landowners at Geumsan-ri raked up lots of land through instrumentality of a government post. On the other hand, poor farmers augmented their arable acreage when their living expenses increased while reducing the area of arable acreage in case living expenses decreased. Like this, at Geumsan-ri in the beginning of the 20th century, it’s rare to find the landowners who obtained wealth by more aggressively managing their land. So is it rare to find the farmers who tried to accumulate a lot more wealth than the cost of living in preparation for unexpected spending. In other words, the consciousness of the landowners and poor farmers at Geumsan-ri in the early 20th century was not significantly different from that of the traditional era. The land survey officials in charge of Gwangmu Yangjeon of Geumsan-ri, and the same official-post holders in the Joseon Dynasty were found to be similar in their consciousness. As a result, Gwangmu Yangan (land register) became the documents that differed from the land register (cadastral book included) in its system. Gwangmu Yangan listed the real picture through the fictional process according to the government’s needs while listing the land-survey-businessrelated documents as it actually was. Gwangmu Yangjeon was subject to a land survey official’s judgment instead of arranging working rules (detailed rules) with regard to the starting point of Yangjeon, judgment of Yangjeon direction, grasp of its model, ratings determination, and area calculation, etc. As a result, the standards related to individual work differed from each and every land survey official. Like this, Yangjeon officials took charge of working process while the result of the working process was seized by the State. By comparison, land survey business tried to reduce the influence of officials’ subjective judgment in the process of survey business by arranging working rules(detailed rules) having to do with the starting point of investigation, grasp of its model, ratings determination, and area calculation, etc. In short, in modern times, a State seized both Yangjeon process its result.