1930년 전후 조선총독부 자치정책의 한계와 동아일보 계열의 비판

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the contents and characteristics of the self-government policy sought by the Japanese Government-General of Korea in around 1930 and explain the criticisms of nationalist groups regarding this matter. Governor Saitō Makoto(齋藤實) proposed a self-government system immediately after his reappointment, but the plan was only for a Local Council of Korea that would deliberate just "local Korean finances ," amounting to only 7 percent of estimated revenues. In addition, the governor could neutralize the Local Council of Korea at any time he wished as his authority included cancelation and reconsideration orders, execution, and adjournment or dissolution of an original bill. The plan was also unfair not only because one-third of the council members were appointed by the government, but because there were even more Japanese in power who were voters than Korean people, even though the Japanese were the minority and Koreans were the majority in the Korean Peninsula. These conditions remained the same for almost all versions of the proposal, from the first draft to the final draft. Therefore, the plan for a self-government policy was a concept even more receding than the "opinion for participation" in 1927, and it is even more deceptive that it was actually executed ten years later. However, Saito did not even have the ability to execute such a deceptive plan, the plan for a self-government policy was ultimately aborted and a terminal proposal for local system revision was concluded in the end.Nationalist groups including the Dong-A Ilbo group did not depend on Saitō, who had conflicted with them throughout the 1920s. They were not largely interested in the matter because they knew the self-government policy of the governor of Korea did not consider a Council of Korea for the perspective of central politics. The Dong-A Ilbo group had negative outlooks for the international situation before and after 1930 that largely affected the circumstance of Korea, such as incompletion of the People's Revolution in China and division of the proletarian party in japan. It was their evaluation that change or progression of the Korean policy would not be possible based on the results of the second representatives election of the House of Representatives in February, 1930, which ended in the miserable defeat of the proletarian party. They continued to point out and criticize the problems of the Japanese plan to revise the local system of Korea. Nevertheless, the leading Dong-A Ilbo group did not break away from the frame of lawful political movement.