1920․30년대 식민지 조선․대만에서의 지방제도 개정 비교

Abstract

After the March 1st Movement in Korea in 1919, Prime Minister Hara Takashi of Japan thought it was necessary to establish advisory bodies in local administrative organizations so that Koreans and Taiwanese could participate in politics in order to satisfy their desire for politics. Accordingly, the Governor-General of Korea, Saito Makoto, drafted a related proposal in April 1920, and with the approval of the Japanese government, promulgated related laws on July 29, 1920. Also, in Taiwan, the Governor-General Den Kenjirō prepared a related proposal in early July 1920, which was later than Korea, and promptly passed the approval procedure of the Japanese government and promulgated related laws on July 30, 1920. Although the local systems of Korea and Taiwan, which began in 1920, were very limited local autonomy system. While Japan’s hukai and kenkai council (府․縣會), sikai council (市會), and machikai and murakai council (町․村會) were all decision-making bodies, but Korea’s dopyeonguihoe council(道評議會), buhyeopuihoe council(府協議會) and myeonhyeopuihoe council(面協議會), and Taiwan’s zhou-xieyihui council (州協議會), shi-xieyihui council(市協議會), and jie and zhuang xieyihui council (街․庄協議會) were all advisory bodies. In addition, members of Japan’s hukai and kenkai council, sikai council, and machikai and murakai council were all elected by people through elections. However, while two-thirds of the members of the Korea’s dopyeonguihoe council were elected through election system (by voting of Buhyeopuihoe council and myeonhyeopuihoe council members), one-third were appointed by governor. Members of buhyeopuihoe council were elected through election system. As for the members myeonhyeopuihoe council of the designated myeon were elected, but the rest were appointed. In Taiwan, state council members, city council members, and jie and zhuang xieyihui council members were all appointed. In the 1920s, anti-Japanese activists in Korea continued their independence movement, and the pro-Japanese forces also continued the movement to get the right of autonomy to set up a self-governing council or to get the right to participate in the Japanese parliament. Therefore, in 1929, Governor-General Saito consulted with the Japanese government and decided to satisfy the desire of Koreans to participate in politics through the expansion of the local autonomy system. Accordingly, the revised local system was announced in 1930. Meanwhile, in Taiwan in the 1920s, autonomy and suffrage movements also took place. However, the Government- General of Taiwan and the Japanese government were passive in expanding Taiwan’s local autonomy. While witnessing the process that the local autonomy system in Korea was expanded in 1930, the Taiwanese formed the Taiwan Local Autonomy Federation in August 1930 and asked the Taiwanese Government-General to expand the local autonomy system in Taiwan. Eventually, in 1934, the Governor-General of Taiwan announced a plan to expand the local autonomy system with the approval of the Japanese government. The local autonomy systems implemented in Korea and Taiwan in the 1930s were also limited local autonomy systems. Dohoe council (道會) in Korea and zhouhui council (州會) in Taiwan also became decision-making bodies like kenkai council (縣會) in Japan. Also, buhoe council (府會) in Korea and shihui council (市會) in Taiwan also became decision-making bodies like hukai council (府會) in Japan. However, while Japan’s machikai and murakai council (町村會) was a decision- making body, Korea’s euphoe (邑會) was a decision-making body and myeonhyeopuihoe (面協議會) was an advisory body, and Taiwan’s jie and zhuang xieyihui council (街․庄協議會) was also an advisory body. In addition, in Taiwan, one-half of the members of shihui council and the members of jie and zhuang xieyihui council were elected through the popular election system, and one-half through the appointment system. This suggests Taiwan had a more restrictive local autonomy system than that of Korea, where members of both buhoe and myeonhyeopuihoe councils were all elected by the public.