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중립을 향한 ‘반공포로’의 투쟁: 한국전쟁기 중립국행 포로 76인의 선택과 정체성

Race to the “Neutrality”: The Choice of 76 “Anti-communist” Korean War POWs and Their Identities

정병준
이화사학연구소 (Ewha Historical Institutions)|2018.06|이화사학연구 (EWHA SAHAK YEONGU)|제56호|pp. 1-65|DOI 10.37091/ewhist.2018..56.001

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한국전쟁IndiaKorean War인도브라질Brazil중립국행 포로정전협정아르헨티나ArgentinaNeutrality중립ArmisticeAnti-communist한국전쟁 포로76인의 포로Korean War Prisoner of War (POW)76 POWs to neutral countries

초록

When the Korean War armistice was concluded, there were 76 Korean War POWs who refused to return to their motherland and went to the third party countries. They were crystalized as a symbol of “neutrality” which meant their brave refusal to be included in extreme cold war system as well as their intellectual character to overcome the division of Korean peninsula. 76 POWs openly expressed their anti-communist leaning at least twice in POW camps. They were anti-North Korea and pro-South Korea but not belonged to the anti-communist lines of South Korea. In general, they had anti-communist position. There was influence of Christian faith to POWs. Some of them were raised in Christian families and the others were influenced in a Pusan POW church. They wanted to go to foreign countries, especially the United States for studying and making a fortune. Also, 76 POWs had a fear of South Korea because they saw the extreme nature of Korean society in their POW life. And there were no family members and friends in South Korea for them to depend on. When arrived at India February 1954, they broke into two parties, i.e., one was willing to stay in India, the other hoped to go to South America. North Korea government argued that the 76 POWs were North Korean citizen and should be returned to their motherland. South Korea government argued that 76 POWs were anti-communist but abducted by Indian government to India, so they should be repatriated to South Korea. 50 POWs were sent to Brazil in February 4, 1956, 12 POWs were sent to Argentina in 1956-1957. The 62 POWs who arrived at South America, lived their own separated lives. When they arrived in Brazil and Argentina, the identity of ex-POWs group completely ended. Most of them were born and spent 20 years in North Korea, few months in NKPA, more than 3 years in a POW camp, stayed 2 years in India, and lived more than 60 years in foreign countries. They lost their own motherland and there was no home country for them to return. The life of 76 POWs, their argument of vague anti-communist, and Korea’s imaginary neutrality on their life will be remembered as a part of modern Korean diaspora.

Abstract

When the Korean War armistice was concluded, there were 76 Korean War POWs who refused to return to their motherland and went to the third party countries. They were crystalized as a symbol of “neutrality” which meant their brave refusal to be included in extreme cold war system as well as their intellectual character to overcome the division of Korean peninsula. 76 POWs openly expressed their anti-communist leaning at least twice in POW camps. They were anti-North Korea and pro-South Korea but not belonged to the anti-communist lines of South Korea. In general, they had anti-communist position. There was influence of Christian faith to POWs. Some of them were raised in Christian families and the others were influenced in a Pusan POW church. They wanted to go to foreign countries, especially the United States for studying and making a fortune. Also, 76 POWs had a fear of South Korea because they saw the extreme nature of Korean society in their POW life. And there were no family members and friends in South Korea for them to depend on. When arrived at India February 1954, they broke into two parties, i.e., one was willing to stay in India, the other hoped to go to South America. North Korea government argued that the 76 POWs were North Korean citizen and should be returned to their motherland. South Korea government argued that 76 POWs were anti-communist but abducted by Indian government to India, so they should be repatriated to South Korea. 50 POWs were sent to Brazil in February 4, 1956, 12 POWs were sent to Argentina in 1956-1957. The 62 POWs who arrived at South America, lived their own separated lives. When they arrived in Brazil and Argentina, the identity of ex-POWs group completely ended. Most of them were born and spent 20 years in North Korea, few months in NKPA, more than 3 years in a POW camp, stayed 2 years in India, and lived more than 60 years in foreign countries. They lost their own motherland and there was no home country for them to return. The life of 76 POWs, their argument of vague anti-communist, and Korea’s imaginary neutrality on their life will be remembered as a part of modern Korean diaspora.

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