살루스티우스의 역사서술과 인물묘사: 『유구르타 전쟁』의 마리우스
Characterization in Sallustius’ Narratives: Marius in Bellum Iugurthinum
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One of the characteristics in Sallustius’ historical narratives is a vivid description of the historical figures. The historian’s two monographs, Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Iugurthinum, are full of characters whose activities and speeches are dynamically described within the political and social context during the late Republic. Sallustius was most interested in writing Rome’s history of about fifty years between the beginning of the Jugurthine War in 112 BC to the failed conspiracy of Catilina in 63 BC. The historian tries to argue that the main cause of the turmoil and decline of Roman society during this period was the disappearance of “metus hostilis” after the final destruction of Rome’s arch-enemy Carthage. Having been freed from fear of external enemies, all the vices, such as ambition, arrogance, greed, became prevalent in the Roman society. This is an important presupposition of Sallustius’ historical narratives. In particular, Sallustius held a vigorously critical view about the corruption and vices of the ruling class of the Roman Republic, and reflected his critical analysis onto the characterization of important historical figures in his monographs. Therefore, one way to achieve a deeper understanding of Sallustius’ historical perception about the Roman society during the late Republic is to examine how he portrays historical figures in his narratives. For this purpose, first this paper examines what motivated Sallustius to dedicate himself to write, in general, history and, more specifically, Bellum Iugurthinum. Then, by focusing on the characterization of Gaius Marius, one of the main characters in Bellum Iugurthinum, it will be explored how closely the historian’s interpretation of the overall degeneration of the Roman society as well as its ruling class was interwoven into his characters’ description.
Abstract
One of the characteristics in Sallustius’ historical narratives is a vivid description of the historical figures. The historian’s two monographs, Bellum Catilinae and Bellum Iugurthinum, are full of characters whose activities and speeches are dynamically described within the political and social context during the late Republic. Sallustius was most interested in writing Rome’s history of about fifty years between the beginning of the Jugurthine War in 112 BC to the failed conspiracy of Catilina in 63 BC. The historian tries to argue that the main cause of the turmoil and decline of Roman society during this period was the disappearance of “metus hostilis” after the final destruction of Rome’s arch-enemy Carthage. Having been freed from fear of external enemies, all the vices, such as ambition, arrogance, greed, became prevalent in the Roman society. This is an important presupposition of Sallustius’ historical narratives. In particular, Sallustius held a vigorously critical view about the corruption and vices of the ruling class of the Roman Republic, and reflected his critical analysis onto the characterization of important historical figures in his monographs. Therefore, one way to achieve a deeper understanding of Sallustius’ historical perception about the Roman society during the late Republic is to examine how he portrays historical figures in his narratives. For this purpose, first this paper examines what motivated Sallustius to dedicate himself to write, in general, history and, more specifically, Bellum Iugurthinum. Then, by focusing on the characterization of Gaius Marius, one of the main characters in Bellum Iugurthinum, it will be explored how closely the historian’s interpretation of the overall degeneration of the Roman society as well as its ruling class was interwoven into his characters’ description.
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