벤 존슨의 『캐털라인의 역모』에 나타난 공화주의의 역설(逆說): 민중파와 원로원파의 대결 양상에서 드러난 도덕주의 정치론의 한계
Republican Paradox in Ben Jonson’s Catiline His Conspiracy: Limitations of Moralist Politics in Confrontations between Popurales and Optimates
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Ben Jonson’s Catiline His Conspiracy poses critical conundrums: why should it be regarded as a tragedy rather than as a history even though it develops a storyline in which virtuous Cicero wins vicious Catiline? If it is to be a tragedy, then, who should be the tragic protagonist? Previous scholarships have suggested that the rivalry between Catiline and Cicero should reflect two opposing political ideas such as Tacitism and Ciceronianism, but their suggestions are restricted to moralist perspectives in that they argue the Catilinian faction tries to destroy Rome whilst the Ciceronian faction saves her from collapse. This essay wishes to investigate deeper causes for political diseases which put the Roman Republic in death throes and thereby to find that the moralist binarism between virtuous Cicero and vicious Catiline is just a surface structure of the play. In doing so, it argues the deep structure of the play discloses that real causes for the Roman Republic’s collapse were the monopoly of political power and the uneven distribution of economic wealth. Facing the widening social polarization, the political topology of the late Roman Republic was made split into two opposing factions: the progressive Populares and the conservative Optimates. Despite their popularist approaches, the Populares pursued persistently to enforce their progressive agenda by which they would reform various social injustices. In our contemporary era, republicanism has the same connotation as democracy, but in the late Roman Republic, it was nothing more than a retroactive ideology which the Optimates deployed in order to preserve their corrupt privileges.
Abstract
Ben Jonson’s Catiline His Conspiracy poses critical conundrums: why should it be regarded as a tragedy rather than as a history even though it develops a storyline in which virtuous Cicero wins vicious Catiline? If it is to be a tragedy, then, who should be the tragic protagonist? Previous scholarships have suggested that the rivalry between Catiline and Cicero should reflect two opposing political ideas such as Tacitism and Ciceronianism, but their suggestions are restricted to moralist perspectives in that they argue the Catilinian faction tries to destroy Rome whilst the Ciceronian faction saves her from collapse. This essay wishes to investigate deeper causes for political diseases which put the Roman Republic in death throes and thereby to find that the moralist binarism between virtuous Cicero and vicious Catiline is just a surface structure of the play. In doing so, it argues the deep structure of the play discloses that real causes for the Roman Republic’s collapse were the monopoly of political power and the uneven distribution of economic wealth. Facing the widening social polarization, the political topology of the late Roman Republic was made split into two opposing factions: the progressive Populares and the conservative Optimates. Despite their popularist approaches, the Populares pursued persistently to enforce their progressive agenda by which they would reform various social injustices. In our contemporary era, republicanism has the same connotation as democracy, but in the late Roman Republic, it was nothing more than a retroactive ideology which the Optimates deployed in order to preserve their corrupt privileges.
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