봉화 축서사 석조비로자나불좌상과 목조광배: 축서사와 왕경 진골 귀족, 그리고 황룡사

Abstract

Chukseosa stone seated Vairoçana Buddha is a Buddhist statue sponsored by Kim Yang-jong’s family, Chin'gol(眞骨) nobility of capital in late Unified Silla in 867. Though not directly inscribed on Buddhist statues, Myŏngdan, the youngest daughter of Kim Yang-jong, who was Silla King Hŏndŏk era Shijung(侍中) through the inscription of prestigious Buddhist reliquary found in the three-story stone Pagoda, commissioned for her parents and it was estimated to have been built with stone pagoda nearly in 867. Inside the three-story stone Pagoda, it was led by Hwangnyongsa temple monk Hyŏnkŏ and enshrined 10 Sarira and Raśmivimalaviśuddhaprabhānāma-dhāraṇī-sutra[無垢浄光大陀羅尼經]. In the case of the Mugujeong pagoda[無垢浄塔] that had “Mugujeong Sutras” like Chukseosa temple pagoda, the role of the lecturer would have been more important because the ceremony was carried out according to the sutras contents. For this reason, far away from Hwangnyongsa temple, the representative temple of capital, would have called a monk to lead the ceremony. At the time of the composition, the stone mandorla and pedestal would have been well equipped, but then one day the original stone mandorla was lost, and monk Segyun(世均), who pitied it, made a wooden mandorla of the big size that was rampant in 1730. At that time, Segyun also carved the ceiling dragon carving, a high-level sculptor who had actively participated in the 18th century, including repainting in gold nearby Yeongju Buseoksa temple Amitabha Buddha statue and Gijang Jangansa temple stone Buddhas of Three Ages. The wooden mandorla of Buseoksa Muryangsujeon Amitabha Buddha statue is also likely to have been carved by Segyun while repainting in gold of the Amitabha Buddha statue. ‘Bonghwa’ area in Silla era is special. This is because there are a relatively large number of Buddhist arts from the 7th century to late Unified Silla. There are many numbers, but all the remaining examples are more remarkable because they are monumental works in Buddhist art. For example, there is the Bukjiri rock cliff Buddha, 5 meters high from the old Chirimsa temple site, and the famous Bukjiri stone pensive statue found near the rock cliff Buddha. The Buddha statue of Vairoçana, which was especially popular in the late Unified Silla in the 9th century, is not a few. The Buddha statues of Vairoçana meaningful to date reach about 30. Among them, all of 6 pieces including 2 pieces at Chukseosa temple, 2 pieces of stone seated Vairoçana Buddha now in Buseoksa Jaindang moved from Yeongju Dongbangsa temple site, 1 piece of Punggi Birosa temple and 1 piece of Yeongju Sŏnghyŏlsa temple have been handed down to here Yeongju and Bonghwa areas. These are all stone-built statues of Vairoçana Buddha, built in the mid and late Unified Silla in the 9th century. The Buddha statue of Vairoçana in late Unified Silla was generally known to have been popularized by the support of local Barons with the weakening of the central regime. As a result, especially the Buddha statue of Vairoçana was away from Gyeongju centralized Buddhist statue production, and a variety of Buddhist statue styles with local characteristics have emerged. However, the aspect of Buddhist art in the late 9th century is different from what is known. The Buddha statue of Vairoçana in the latter half of the 9th century is more related to the royal or capital nobles than the local barons, and Buddha statues of Vairoçana including Hwaŏm-jong(華嚴宗), Pŏpsang-jong(法相宗), Sŏn-jong(禪宗), etc. were created and enshrineed without discrimination of sects. One of the representative works is the Buddha seated statue of Vairoçana of Chukseosa temple.