경기변동론에 있어 맑스주의 경제학과 오스트리아 학파의 유사성: 케인즈와의 비교를 중심으로
Marxism and the Austrian School on the Business Cycle: the Opposition to Keynes
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이 논문의 목적은 거시이론에 있어 맑스주의 경제학과 오스트리아 학파 사이의 유사성을 확인하는 것이다. 맑스주의 과잉투자이론이 오스트리아 학파에 큰 영향 을 미쳤다는 사실에도 불구하고 맑스주의 경제학과 오스트리아 학파 경기변동이 론의 직접적인 비교는 드물었고, 자본주의의 불안정성이나 위기를 설명하는 이론 으로 맑스와 케인즈의 결합에 주목하는 흐름이 존재하고 있다. 그러나 맑스주의 과잉투자이론과 오스트리아 학파의 과잉투자이론은 생산구조의 변화와 자본재의 특성에 기인하는 誤조정에 주목하고 있다는 점에서 본질적으로 실물경기변동이 론 전통에 서 있으며 이러한 실물전통과 양립 불가능한 케인즈/포스트케인지언 이론과는 근본적으로 구분된다. 특히 맑스주의자인 힐퍼딩과 오스트리아 학파의 대표자 중 한 사람인 하이에크의 경기변동이론은 매우 유사한 구조를 가지고 있 다. 이들은 공통적으로 소비재와 자본재 사이의 불비례, 특히 자본재 과잉에 주목 하고 있으며, 경제위기의 원인은 과소소비가 아니라 저축부족(과잉소비)임을 주 장하고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify the similarities between Marxism and the Austrian School in macroeconomic theory. In spite of the fact that the overinvestment theory of Marxists had a major impact on the business cycle theory of the Austrian School, the direct comparison between Marxism and the Austrian School is rare, and the Marx-Keynes/Minsky synthesis is considered as an explanation of the capitalism instability and crisis. The overinvestment theories of both Marxism and the Austrian School essentially represent a real tradition in business cycle theory, and are fundamentally different from Keynes/Post Keynesian theory that is incompatible with the real tradition.
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