현대 중국어 사동문과 타동성

Abstract

This paper analyzes Modern Mandarin Chinese causative sentence with transitivity. This paper agree with the view, which is transitivity is not just limited to verbs, but associated with the clause. And also agree with the other view, transitivity can have degrees. In Modern Mandarin Chinese, causative is one of the most representative transitivise mechanism. This paper mostly analyzes the causative sentences made from causativising adjective sentences and intransitive sentences. The elements influencing transitivity of Modern Mandarin Chinese causative sentences are implicativity, agency, affectedness, the properties of predicate, and the types of meaning. In causative sentences, if cause event implies effect event, the causative sentence assures the result. So transitivity of the causative sentence is stronger than the causative sentence which does not assure the result. The elements influencing agency of Modern Mandarin Chinese causative Sentence are animacy, volition, control, responsibility, and directness of causative relation. If the animacy, volition, control, responsibility, and directness of causative relation of the causative sentence have higher degrees, the transitivity of the causative sentence becomes stronger. In Modern Mandarin Chinese causatives, affectedness of causee can differ depending on the causee's animacy and causee's control of effect event. If the causee's control of effect event is stronger, the affectedness of causee becomes weaker, as the result, the transitivity of the sentence isweaker. The transitivity of the causative sentence having the predicate expresses concrete,dynamic, perceptional, perfect and external action is stronger than the transitivity of thecausative sentence having the predicate expresses internal, psychological action. And thetransitivity is differ depending on the types of meaning of Modern Mandarin Chinesecausative sentences. The transitivity of the ‘direct action’ meaning causative sentence isthe strongest. The transitivity of the ‘cause’ meaning causative sentence is weaker than‘direct action’ meaning causative sentence because of weak agency. The transitivity ofthe ‘order’ meaning causative sentence is weaker than ‘cause’ meaning causative sentencebecause of weak affectedness. The transitivity of the ‘permission’ meaning causative sentenceis weaker than ‘order’ meaning causative sentence because of weak agency and weakaffectedness. The transitivity of the ‘leaving with intention’ meaning causative sentence isweaker than ‘permission’ meaning causative sentence because of weak agency and weakaffectedness. The transitivity of the ‘leaving without intention’ meaning causative sentenceis weaker than ‘leaving with intention’ meaning causative sentence because of weakagency.