중국의 국가정책에 따른 알리바바의 플랫폼 변화 - 실리콘밸리모델에서 국가 규제하의 수정모델로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine how Alibaba and its platforms have changed according to changes in China’s state policy. From the late 1990s to the mid-2023 period, China’s regulation can be divided into the unregulated stage (late 1990s to early 2020), the high-intensity regulatory stage (late 2020 to late 2022), and the deregulation stage (late 2022 to mid-2023). Accordingly, Chinese big tech companies and their platforms grew according to the Silicon Valley model during the unregulated stage. At this stage, the platform was spotlighted as a smart business model. Since then, Big Tech and its platform have undergone a revision process of the model as they face high-intensity state regulations. There was a demand from the state to revise it to solve the alternative and financial risks. The shift to the deregulation stage was triggered by a slowdown in the national economy and an accelerated competition for U.S.-China technology hegemony. The state has shifted to re-emphasizing private companies, especially tech companies. Depending on each step, the organization of Alibaba and its affiliates, especially the platform, which this paper chose as an example, has changed. During the unregulated stage, each of Alibaba’s platforms formed and grew rapidly. During this period, Ant Financial was in the spotlight as a smart business model even in the West. Alibaba Group also received the most intensive demands from the state to choose between them and resolve financial risks during the high-intensity regulatory stage. In particular, the microloan business was separated from Ant Group and converted into a company under state supervision.