협력적 위협감소(CTR) 프로그램의 국제법적 쟁점과 과제: 우크라이나 비핵화 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

There are many skepticisms about the prospect of North Korea's denuclearization due to North Korea's strong willingness to possess nuclear weapons and the polarization of the international community. However, the "mission of peaceful unification" stipulated in the preamble of the Republic of Korea's constitution is difficult to make progress without North Korea's denuclearization process. The issue of establishing a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula is inseparable from the issue of North Korea's denuclearization. Therefore, it is necessary to individually review various denuclearization paths that North Korea may take and seek different policy directions suitable for them. To this end, an in-depth review of the state practice that has succeeded in denuclearization is necessary. Among them, Ukraine, which succeeded to nuclear weapons following the dissolution of the former Soviet Union in 1991 and became the world's third-largest nuclear power, has significant implications for North Korea's denuclearization in that it went through denuclearization negotiations in pursuit of security from Russia. Since the cost of denuclearization is considerable, external technical and financial support is also a very important factor in inducing denuclearization to countries with poor economic conditions such as North Korea. In Ukraine, which was in a similar situation, U.S. financial support through the "Cooperative Threat Reduction"(CTR) program had a significant impact on the denuclearization decision. Of course, there are significant differences between North Korea and the former Soviet Union, but the CTR concept could be a powerful tool to support verifiable reductions and dismantlement of North Korea's nuclear weapons and other WMDs and their means of projection. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the international legal implications based on the institutional basis of the Ukrainian CTR program and derives S. Korea's countermeasures.