중세 지중해 문명교류 유형 연구

Abstract

The Mediterranean was a sea of economic areas where self-sufficiency was impossible. Many villages and cities on the Mediterranean coast repeated their war and alliance each other. However this was due to the need for each other. In addition, the Mediterranean Sea had an identity of the open sea. This sea was never an isolated civilization. There was constant influx from outside, which kept the Mediterranean civilizational freshness. Historically, the geographical and cultural boundaries of the Mediterranean have not always coincided with each other. For this reason, in the study of the history of the Mediterranean, it is important to understand the principles of 'competitive cooperation', in other words, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the parts that make up the whole rather than to divide the Mediterranean into so many parts and study each part. If you change your perspective, it looks new. The understanding of history differs depending on what perspective you are interpreting. In this study, we looked at the interchange of civilizations in the Mediterranean in terms of long term prospective viewpoint. There are three types of medieval Mediterranean civilization exchanges: Andalusian Interaction Type of Intercultural Exchange, Sicilian Superposition Type of Intercultural Exchange and Equidistance Type of Intercultural Exchange. The commonality of the three types of interchange is that they are religiously monotheistic religions and Abrahamic religions. Judaism, Christianity and Islam coexisted, and to all of them, politics and religion were in fact the only factor that dominated history. Andalusia was ruled by Islam from the beginning of the Eighth Century to the end of the 15th century. However at the same time historically the domination of Islam and the ‘Reconquista’ of the Christian world coexisted. Although social diversity factors were very abundant, social liquidity did not meet expectations. In terms of religion, politics, ideology, and race, conflicts frequently occurred, but exchanges were taking place in the fields of culture and economy. In the Sicilian cultural interchange type, the continued domination by foreign powers was a decisive factor in determining the historical identities. From ancient times, Sicilian independent political power did not exist. Considering this historical reality, the Sicilian interchange pattern is characterized by the fact that various factors merely coexist in a state where they can not be mixed together. Jerusalem was an important gateway to trade between East and West, and religiously, it was a city of pilgrimage to both the Christianity and Islamic civilization. Cultural similarities and differences were evident. However, differences in the history have been interpreted not as the factors of diversity, but as meanings of discriminations and conflicts, especially after the Nineteenth Century.