여순사건 이후 한국군의 변화와 ‘정치화’

Abstract

Kim koo, who had been carrying out the unification movement since the government was established in the two Koreas and the division was legislated, was also a “thorn in the eye” to the military as well as the Rhee Syngman regime. This will inevitably lead to confrontation with the military, which has established anti-communist ideology since the Yosu-Sunchon Incident and served as a physical organization for the far-right anti-communist system. Young members of the National Assembly and Kim Koo acted in stark contrast to the military's sentiment. As a result, it can be assessed that the total counterattack of the Syngman Rhee regime on their activities was the "June offensive" in 1949, and that the military served as a physical tool for the Syngman Rhee regime during the "June offensive." Also at the center of the military's political intervention were top military leaders, who were criticized as " pro-Japanese group," Jun Bong-deok, a former pro-Japanese police officer and deputy commander of the military police force, and Kim Chang-Yong, chief of the intelligence bureau at the Army headquarters, a former Japanese military police officer. In particular, Army Chief of Staff Chae Byung-duk referred to President Syngman Rhee, the head of the armed forces, as a subject that South Korean soldiers should emulate in a book published in 1949. It is a symbolic representation of the military's activities and personality changes at that time. However, the military has yet to expand enough to lead direct politics. Conflicts between the two Koreas over the 38th parallel were continuing, and they have yet to reach the capacity to topple the civilian government and seize power enough. Meanwhile, the military celebrated the Korean War on June 25, 1950. The Korean War was a watershed event in the politicization of the Korean military. Above all, it has established itself as a "hero of the national salvation" against North Korea's aggression, and has grown quantitatively and qualitatively beyond the pre-war period. And the growth of the South Korean military has since been in close contact with political power, and has been able to play a leading role in the May 16 coup in 1961.