정책도구로서의 배출권 거래제도의 작동기제와 적용사례에 관한 연구
The Mechanism of Tradable Permit System and its Applications
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경제적 유인방식의 하나인 배출권 거래제도는 정부가 한정된 숫자의 오염배출권(permit or “rights to pollute”)을 발행하여 배출자들간에 시장기제에 의한 자발적 거래가 이루어지도록 허용하는 제도를 말한다. 즉, 가상적 거래공간인 버블(bubble)을 형성하고, 형성된 버블 내에서는 오염물질 배출 주체-개인, 기업 또는 시설-간에 배출권을 거래할 수 있도록 하는 것을 의미한다. 이 제도의 결과, 상대적으로 저렴한 비용으로 오염을 저감할 수 있는 기업들의 저감비용으로 상대적으로 많은 비용을 들여야만 오염물질을 저감할 수 있는 기업들의 오염저감행위를 지원하는 효과를 얻게 된다. 이러한 버블의 형성은 결국 규모의 경제를 꾀함으로써 사회 전체적인 효율성을 도모할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구는 배출권 거래제도의 개념과 작동기제를 소개하고 그 적용사례를 살펴봄으로써 향후 정책도구로서 본 제도의 전망과 한계를 제시하고 있다. 사례로는 미국의 Clean Air Act, 교토의정서의 CDM 방식 등을 다루고 있다.
Abstract
Tradable permit system, also known as permit trading, is one of the most ambitious market incentives applied to environmental policy area. Once the government issues limited amount of pollution rights to each of the participating parties in the artificially created market, called bubble, they can buy and sell the rights freely without the governmental intervention. By utilizing economic incentive, this system achieves improved environmental quality in a very efficient way. This paper discusses the concept and types of tradable permit, describes the mechanism as a policy tool, and then argues how the mechanism can be applied in practice by showing four different cases. The cases suggest that the mechanism is a very useful tool, but more research is required to find out conditions for success.
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- "에너지관리공단 홈페이지"