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우리나라 배출권거래제의 시장 왜곡 요인과 정책적 함의

On Inefficiency Factors in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme

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키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

배출권거래제는 주어진 감축목표를 가장 비용효과적으로 달성하는 정책 수단으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 그러한 배출권거래제의 효율성은 시장을 왜곡하는다양한 요인들이 없는 이상적인 상황 속에서만 달성될 수 있다. 현실 세계에서는 배출권거래제의 비용효과성(cost effectiveness)을 가로막는 여러 제약들이존재할 수 있고, 그러한 경우 배출권거래제 도입의 긍정적 정책 효과를 얻기어렵다. 본 논문은 (i) 거래비용, (ii) 시장지배력, (iii) 규제, 그리고 (iv) 불확실성이라는 네 가지 시장 왜곡 요인의 관점에서 우리나라 배출권거래제를 평가해보았다. 그 결과 우리나라 배출권 시장은 거래비용, 시장지배력 그리고 가격위험에 취약한 구조로 평가되었다. 나아가 이들 시장 왜곡요인들을 효과적으로 통제하기 위한 시장 설계 방향에 관해 논의한다.

Abstract

It is well known that emissions trading scheme can achieve a greenhouse gas reduction target at the lowest level of cost. However, this is only the case that there is no distortion in the market. In reality, there are many constraints that may prohibit cost-effectiveness and hinder achieving a reduction goal. We detect potential distortions in the South Korea Emissions Trading Scheme from the follwing perspectives : (1) transaction cost, (2) market power, (3) regulations and (4) uncertainty. We also discuss the market design to minimize the effects of the market distortions.

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