배출권거래제도 － 형평성을 중심으로 －
Emission Trading Scheme - Focusing on the Fairness -
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Emission Trading Scheme(ETS) is policy tools designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions where this can be done in the most cost effective way. Existing and Proposed schemes generally take the form of cap-and-trade systems, meaning that there is a political commitment to limit overall emissions by putting in place a cap, and that the emission allowances are distributed as permits between covered entities in the scheme, permits that can be traded freely. And it has become common practice to allocate the majority or all of the emission allowances to firms free of charge. Effectiveness and Fairness are distinguishable aspects of policy evaluation. Although overall program effectiveness is an important issue, this article focuses on the fairness issues. I will discuss several aspects of distributional fairness related to ETS. It consists of fairness in the distribution of emissions allowances to businesses, fairness in the distribution of greenhouse gas and other co-pollutant emissions among different segments of society, and fairness in the relative financial impact on low-income consumers. The unfair effects of ETS are usually resulted from the free allocation of emission allowances. So, the main alternative to free allocation is auctioning. First, it would reduce the distributional distortions and accompanying windfall profits that free allocation can create. Second, it creates a level playing field for existing and new covered entities. Lastly, a disproportionate impact on low-income consumers can be greatly ameliorated through adroit use of revenue from emissions allowance auctions to offset the additional burden on low-income consumers from increased energy costs due to free allocation.
Abstract
Emission Trading Scheme(ETS) is policy tools designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions where this can be done in the most cost effective way. Existing and Proposed schemes generally take the form of cap-and-trade systems, meaning that there is a political commitment to limit overall emissions by putting in place a cap, and that the emission allowances are distributed as permits between covered entities in the scheme, permits that can be traded freely. And it has become common practice to allocate the majority or all of the emission allowances to firms free of charge. Effectiveness and Fairness are distinguishable aspects of policy evaluation. Although overall program effectiveness is an important issue, this article focuses on the fairness issues. I will discuss several aspects of distributional fairness related to ETS. It consists of fairness in the distribution of emissions allowances to businesses, fairness in the distribution of greenhouse gas and other co-pollutant emissions among different segments of society, and fairness in the relative financial impact on low-income consumers. The unfair effects of ETS are usually resulted from the free allocation of emission allowances. So, the main alternative to free allocation is auctioning. First, it would reduce the distributional distortions and accompanying windfall profits that free allocation can create. Second, it creates a level playing field for existing and new covered entities. Lastly, a disproportionate impact on low-income consumers can be greatly ameliorated through adroit use of revenue from emissions allowance auctions to offset the additional burden on low-income consumers from increased energy costs due to free allocation.
참고문헌 (23)
- 김일방, "환경윤리의 쟁점", pp.97~ (2005), 서광사
- 권태형, "재산권이론에 의한 오염배출권 거래제도 분석: 수도권 사업장 대기오염 배출권거래제도를 중심으로", 환경정책, 18(3), pp.1~23 (2010), 한국환경정책학회
- 김준일, "온실가스 배출권 거래제도에 대한 논의와 평가", 동향과 전망, (85), pp.330~357 (2012), 한국사회과학연구회[DOI]
- 김홍균, "WTO체제와 조화를 이루는 배출권거래제도의 설계", 서울국제법연구, 19(1), pp.109~137 (2012), 서울국제법연구원[DOI]
- 박순철, "탄소시장의 현황과 전망", ie 매거진, 17(3)통권 : 49 (2010)
- 백광열, "교토 체제의 종말과 한국의 선택", 매일경제, ~ (2011)
- 양해림, "기후변화와 책임의 윤리", 환경철학, (8), pp.141~176 (2009), 한국환경철학회
- 우정욱, "녹색무역 기반 구축을 위한 탄소배출권 거래제도의 방향정립에 관한 연구 - 일본의 사례를 중심으로 -", 국제상학, 27(2), pp.181~205 (2012), 한국국제상학회[DOI]
- 이비안, "「온실가스 배출권의 할당 및 거래에 관한 법률」제정 논의에 있어서의 문제점 검토", 중앙법학, 14(1), pp.7~49 (2012), 중앙법학회
- 이상천, "‘더반 합의’ 하에서의 탄소배출권거래제도의 構想에 관한 經濟法論的 小考", 동아법학, (54), pp.255~292 (2012), 법학연구소
- 이선화, "배출권거래제의 경제적 비용과 제도적 문제점", KERI Insight, 10(12) (2010)
- 이혜영, "탄소배출권거래제 도입 방안에 관한 연구: 규제정책수단 혼합의 관점에서", 한국공공관리학보, 26(2), pp.89~112 (2012), 한국공공관리학회[DOI]
- 조현진, "배출권거래제도의 도입방안에 관한 법적연구", 박사, 법학과, pp.2012
- "The Allocation of Emission Allowances Free of Charge : Legal and Economic Considerations"[URL]
- Steven Shavell, "On Optimal Legal Change, Past Behavior and Grandfathering", J. Legal Stud, 37, pp.37~ (2008)
- Alice Kaswan, "Environmental Justice and Domestic Climate Change Policy", Envtl. L. Rep, 38, pp.10287~ (2008)
- Aura Carmen Slate, "European Emission Trading Scheme at a Turning Point - From The Pilot Phase to Post-2012", Romanian Journal of European Affairs, 11(3) (2011)
- Daniel A. Farber, "Pollution Markets and Social Equity : Analyzing the Fairness of Cap and Trade", Ecology L.Q, 39, pp.1~ (2012)
- "Emissions Trading and the Pollute - Pays Principle : Do Polluters Pay Under Grandfarthering?"[URL]
- Gilbert Metcalf, "Paying for Greenhouse Gas Reductions: What Role for Fairness?", Lewis & Clark L. Rev, 15, pp.393~ (2011)
- Jonathan Remy Nash, "Too much market : Conflict between Tradable Pollution Allowances and the 'Polluter Pays' Principle", Harv. Envtl. L. Rew, 24, pp.465~ (2000)
- Navraj Singh Ghaleigh, "Reaching International Cooperation on Climate Change Mitigation: Two Stories about E.U. Climate Change", Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 14, pp.43~ (2013)
- Seth B. Shonkoff, "Minding the Climate Gap: Environmental Health and Equity Implications of Climate Change Mitigation Policies in California", Envtl. Just, 2, pp.173~ (2009)