소위원회(subcommittee) 활성화를 통한 의회 개혁: 미국 의회 사례와 한국 국회 시사점
A comparative analysis of the subcommittees in the US congress
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초록
대부분의 현대 의회에서는 위원회 산하에 소위원회(subcommittees)를 설치하여 입법 과정의 분업 및 특화 작업을 진행하고 있다. 한국 국회의 경우에도 정책 사안을 분담, 심사하는 소위원회가 국회 규칙에 따라 인원과 예산을 배정받고 있지만, 운영 성과는 미미한 형편이다. 이에 비해 의회의 권한이 크고 역사가 오래 된 미국의 경우 위원회와 소위원회의 역할과 기능에 대해 주목할 점이 적지 않다. 미국의 소위원회는 역사적으로 정당 지도부 혹은 해당 상임위원회와 어떠한 관계를 유지해 오고 있는가? 미국 의회 의원들이 소위원회를 통해 얻는 정치적 득실은 무엇이며 실제로 운영과 기능상 특징은 무엇인가? 본 연구는 미국의 소위원회 제도 발전 및 현황, 운영 사례 등에 대해 고찰해 봄으로써 한국 국회의 소위원회 활성화를 위한 시사점을 모색한다.
Abstract
Modern legislatures in advanced democracies are responding to new and diverse demands from their voters through delegations and specializations. Subcommittees are the creatures to better represent social voices through the division of labor in the legislative processes. In this paper, we seek to analyze the sources and processes of the subcommittees in the United States Congress. Also, the case studies focus on the Asia-Pacific Subcommittee in the House and the Subcommittee on Aviation Operation, Safety and Security in the Senate. Understanding how and why the politics of subcommittees work or won’t work in the case of US Congress would contribute to the efforts of reform politics in the case of Korean National Assembly.
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