明代黔中王学思想的两大特质
On the Two Characteristics of the School of Wang Yangming′s Philosophy in Guizhou in Ming Dynasty
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黔中王学思想之“心统学政”的理论特质和“重行致用”的实践特质是黔中王学自身 学术品质和思想发展与具体的时代、地域语境相结合的产物，具有内在理论演化的 必然性和外在语境促成的偶然性。“心统学政”以本心为本体依据，以致良知为心物 间的功夫指向性，以知行合一为心、学、政三者间价值转换的理论依据，在理论层面 呈现出“心学合一”、“心政合一”和“学政合一”三个维度的理论建构，在实践层面呈 现出“心学”、“心政”和“学政”三种理论形态，表现为“修身”、“为学”和“为政”三种活动 形态。“重行致用”体现于黔中王学以讲学治世为主要内容的社会实践活动中，并表 现出黔中王学思想的政治、文化向度。这主要表现在黔中王学积极讲学以善俗化民， 引领士风，建构地方秩序、民间话语等治世实践饱含着以儒学大传统涵化夷文化小 传统的历史使命和文化责任感，以及体现出的强烈的道统立场和国家在场意识。 “心统学政”和“重行致用”体现出黔中王学的学派学术个性和时代思想的共同取 向，凸显出明代黔中王学思想作为地域断代思想史的地位和价值意义。
Abstract
The theoretic characteristic of mind-heart governing study and politics and the practical characteristic of emphasizing action and utilityof the school of Wang Yangming′s philosophy in Guizhou are the coefficient results about the academic characteristics and the development of thinking of the school of Wang Yangming′s philosophy in Guizhou and the regional polices and culture of the time,they are the reasonable results of theoretical development and the accident results of external environment. Mind-heart governing study and politics makes mind-heart ontology and the practice of conscience as the directionality of Gongfu between mind-heart and thing and makes the unity of knowledge and action as the theoretical foundation of value transformation between mind-heart, study and politics. It presented three theoretical dimensions of the unity of mind-heart and learning,the unity of mind-heart and polices and the unity of study and politics in theoretical level,and it presented three theoretical forms of xin-xue ,xin-zheng, xue-zheng and three practical forms of cultivation, studying and engaging in politics. Emphasizing action and utility is embodied in the practical activity of social teaching and conduct state affairs and embodys the politics and culture dimension of the thought of the school of Wang Yangming′s philosophy in Guizhou. The governance practices such as giving a lecture, educating people and custom, leading the climate for learning, constructing the placeorder and the unofficial discourse show the sense of history and cultural sense of responsibility of changing minority culture with Confucianism and the standpoint of Confucian orthodoxy and the consciousness of country. what is said above embodys the practical characteristic of emphasizing action and utility of the school of Wang Yangming′s philosophy in Guizhou. Mind-heart governing study and politics and Emphasizing action and utility make the school of Wang Yangming′s philosophy in Guizhou take on the academic individuality and the Era commonness,and they embody the status and value of the thought as the regional on academic history.
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