從工夫論的角度論陽明哲學中良知與氣的關係

Abstract

At present, the study of Yangming’s philosophy is centered on conscience 良知. But “conscience” in Yangming’s philosophy is not a purely moral concept, but an ontological concept. In the Neo Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties, the opposition between qi 气 and li 理 or qi and “human nature” (xing 性) was converted to the relationship between “conscience” and qi in Yangming’s philosophy. The status of qi in Yangming philosophy has been greatly improved compared with the Song Dynasty. But for Yangming, “extending the conscience” (zhiliangzhi 致良知) is not committed to change qi in the human body, but to extend the conscience itself. The ontological foundation of “all things share one body” can only be “conscience” instead of qi. Therefore, conscience can not be separated from qi, but after all, conscience determines qi rather than qi determines conscience. Investigating the relationship between “conscience” and qi is of great significance for us to further grasp Yangming’s philosophy and its inheritance and development of Neo-Confucianism with in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, although Yang ming attaches great importance to qi, his attempt to absorb qi with his conscience actually dispels the objectivity of qi.