원삼국~백제 한성기 시흥 지역 집단의 존재 양상과 변화

Abstract

This study analyzes dwellings and tombs in Siheung dating from Proto-Three Kingdoms Period to Hanseong Baekje Period to summarize the characteristics of the Siheung region's site groups and to examine the process and historical significance of Baekje's advance into the area. The Siheung area belongs to the western Gyeonggi region along with Gimpo and Incheon. But it shows differences in terms of the period and characteristics of sites, suggesting that Siheung area played an important role in the process of Baekje's expansion into the western Gyeonggi region after the late 3rd century. In the dwellings and tombs in Siheung, there are evidence of the four-pillars(四柱式) type houses, the differently-shaped potteries(異形土器), and mounded burials(墳丘墓) since the Proto-Three Kingdoms period. And it indicates that they basically shared the material culture of western Gyeonggi region. But the round bottom pottery jars(圓底甕形土器) from the Oido site and potteries with two-fold mouth(二重口緣土器) from the Eunhaeng-dong and Gyesu-dong sites suggest that Siheung area served as a nodal point on transportation routes connecting southern Gyeonggi and southern Chungcheong region. The material culture of the Siheung region area the late 3rd century onwards is characterized by the relationship with Baekje. In the Siheung area, large-scale settlements emerged from the late 3rd century. And they used earthenware similar to that of central Baekje, including Seungmun(繩文) beating pattern potteries and Baekje-potteries. In the case of tomb sites, the tradition of mounded tombs was discontinued after the middle of the 4th century. Also the types of burial items changed with the construction of Neunggok-dong stone chamber tombs in the 5th century. The Neunggok-dong stone chamber tombs have some of the structural elements of the 'Pangyo-type of stone chamber tomb' and square-shaped nails were exacavted inside. This suggests a strong connection between the local group and central Baekje. It seems that Baekje was conscious of the powerful local groups in the lower reaches of the Han River, such as Gimpo. So Baekje established relationships with local groups around Siheung, before expanding into the western region of Gyeonggi. This can also be interpreted as a strategy to foster local groups of the outskirts of the region rather than those with traditional bases. From the late 4th century, Baekje exerted such influence that it led to the discontinuation of the local burial traditions the western Gyeonggi region. Compared to the southern Gyeonggi region, relatively few specialized artifacts have been identified in the western Gyeonggi region, such as prestige goods for burial, flask-shaped storage pits, and higher-rank Baekje-potteries. Therefore, it is likely that Baekje operated the western Gyeonggi region in a way different from that of the southern region.