북한 지방정부의 권한 변화와 재정확충: 지방예산 및 편의봉사 법령 분석을 중심으로

Abstract

This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.This study analyzes the changes in the legal authority of local governments in local budgets and convenience services during the Kim Jong-un regime and the resulting changes in their behavior in raising budget revenue in the convenience services sector. Under the Kim Jong-un regime, there were two major changes in the legal authority of local governments in the convenience services sector. First, the “Local Budget Law” stipulated that more than 20 to 30 percent of local budget revenue should come from service fee revenue. Second, the “Convenience Service Law” effectively decentralized the authority to license and manage convenience service businesses from the central government to local governments. This has led to a change in the way local governments secure budget revenue for convenience services. In the past, local governments used to raise funds indirectly, such as through name lending. However, after the change in legal authority, they are expanding their finances by using the authority to license businesses, expand and change business types, and arrange and relocate businesses. Local governments have been expanding and managing local finances in the form of obligations without authority. However, under the Kim Jong-un regime, the authority over local finances has been decentralized to local governments and is changing into an authority-based obligation. Moreover, this is actually leading to a change in the behavior of local governments. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to and track the changes in local financial authority.