입찰담합 규제에 대한 비교법적 연구 - 경쟁법과 공공조달법의 통합적 관점에서
A Comparative Law Study on Bid-Rigging Regulation - From the Holistic Approach of Competition Law and Public Procurement Law
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There are many regulatory tools toward bid-rigging such as corrective measure & surcharge under ‘Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act’, punishment for bidding interference, disqualification from bidding, and civil liabilities. Despite these various tools, bid-rigging is happening continually in Korea. To enhance the effectiveness of bid-rigging regulation, it is necessary to approach this issue from the holistic perspective of competition law and public procurement law. Korea and Japan are vulnerable to bid-rigging in comparison to United States (US) and European Union (EU) member states. The reason can be explained by Korea and Japan have 1) excessive competition structure in construction industry, 2) weak public procurement system to prevent bid-rigging, and 3) deficiencies in bid-rigging regulation effectiveness. US and EU member states are implementing flexible & competition-freindly contracting system such as competitive negotiation (US) and competitive dialogue (EU), and effective disqualification system such as administrative agreement (US) and self-cleaning (EU). Furthermore, US has strong competition law enforcement system which contributes to curtailing bid-rigging. Based on this analysis, following improvement can be suggested to regulate bid-rigging. First, bid-rigging, as a hard-core cartel, should be strictly regulated, and various regulation tools should be enforced according to the principle of proportionality. Second, public procurement system should be improved to allow more flexible and competition-friendly bidding mechanism. Third, the level of intensity of criminal sanction should be strengthened, self-cleaning system should be introduced in relation to disqualification system, and cooperation between relevant institutions should be enhanced.
Abstract
There are many regulatory tools toward bid-rigging such as corrective measure & surcharge under ‘Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act’, punishment for bidding interference, disqualification from bidding, and civil liabilities. Despite these various tools, bid-rigging is happening continually in Korea. To enhance the effectiveness of bid-rigging regulation, it is necessary to approach this issue from the holistic perspective of competition law and public procurement law. Korea and Japan are vulnerable to bid-rigging in comparison to United States (US) and European Union (EU) member states. The reason can be explained by Korea and Japan have 1) excessive competition structure in construction industry, 2) weak public procurement system to prevent bid-rigging, and 3) deficiencies in bid-rigging regulation effectiveness. US and EU member states are implementing flexible & competition-freindly contracting system such as competitive negotiation (US) and competitive dialogue (EU), and effective disqualification system such as administrative agreement (US) and self-cleaning (EU). Furthermore, US has strong competition law enforcement system which contributes to curtailing bid-rigging. Based on this analysis, following improvement can be suggested to regulate bid-rigging. First, bid-rigging, as a hard-core cartel, should be strictly regulated, and various regulation tools should be enforced according to the principle of proportionality. Second, public procurement system should be improved to allow more flexible and competition-friendly bidding mechanism. Third, the level of intensity of criminal sanction should be strengthened, self-cleaning system should be introduced in relation to disqualification system, and cooperation between relevant institutions should be enhanced.
참고문헌 (47)
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