멀티 플랫폼 시대, 방송의 공익성과 공영방송의 역할
The Essence of Public Interest and the Role of Public Service Broadcasting in a Multiple Platform Era
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이 글의 목적은 다중 플랫폼 시대로 통칭되는 경쟁적 방송미디어 환경 속에서 전통적인 공영방송의 위상에 어떤 도전과 위협이 제기되고 있으며, 공영방송의 역할에는 어떤 변화가 요구되고 있는지 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 제도권과 학계에서 이루어져 온 공영방송이 추구하는 공익성의 내용을 살펴보고, 이를 토대로 공영방송의 공익성의 목표를 민주주의에의 기여, 양질의 서비스 제공이라는 두 가지 차원으로 구분했다. 이 두 가지 차원을 토대로 공영방송은 과연 정당성을 지니는지, 더 나아가 다중 플랫폼 상황의 전개과정 속에서 공영방송의 정당성은 과연 유지되는지를 검토했다. 이러한 검토를 통해, 이 글은 다중 플랫폼 시대에도 민주주의와 관련한 공영방송의 역할은 최소한 단기적으로는 중요하다고 주장한다. 새롭게 등장하는 미디어들의 가능성은 여전히 불확실하며 지상파 방송의 영향력은 여전히 지배적이기 때문이다. 아울러 공영방송이 양질의 프로그램을 제공하는지에 대해서는 그 답변이 유보적이고 미래가 밝은 것도 아니지만, 공익적 프로그램이 공공 캠페인 방송으로 간주되는 인식의 경직성을 시급히 탈피할 필요가 있다는 점, 그리고 공영방송이 양질의 프로그램을 제공할 수 있도록 공영방송의 재정기반이 유지될 수 있어야 한다는 점을 제시한다. 이를 통해 이 논문에서 강조하고자 하는 바는 공영방송제도 자체를 흔드는 근시안을 벗어나 중장기적 시각에서 이 제도를 유지, 발전시켜 간다는 기본전제가 사회구성원들 사이에 공유되어야 한다는 점이다.
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to investigate what challenges and threats public broadcasters face in the competitive broadcasting media environment, which is generally referred to as the era of multiple platform, and to find out what changes are required to the roles of public broadcasters. First, the authors review the discussions of public broadcasters’public interest obligations by the academia as well as the policy makers. Based on the review, the paper distinguishes two dimensions of public interest goals: contribution to the democracy and quality service. Utilizing the two dimensions, the paper discusses the legitimacy of public broadcasters in the multiple platform environment. From the analysis, the authors argue that contribution to the democracy still holds value, at least in short term, since the potentials of emerging media are still uncertain while over-the-air broadcasters still maintains dominant position in the market. The paper further argues that it is necessary to overcome narrow understanding of public interest programming mainly as public campaign broadcasting, and points outs that a secure financial foundation for the public broadcasters is needed to produce quality programming. As a conclusion, the paper argues for the necessity of public consensus that continued existence and further development of the public broadcasting system is desirable.
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