전후 일본의 전향 연구사(1945~1991) —일본 민족 중심주의적 발상을 극복하기 위해서—

Abstract

Tenko is generally considered as a problem that has todo with communism. Thus, with the Soviet Union’s collapse, Tenko seemed to nolonger pose a threat to Japan. Conversely, this paper focuses on South KoreanTenko study that began around the time when the Soviet Union had collapsed andits argument that the Tenko of North Koreans was a result of Japanese colonialrule, and indicates that study of Japanese Tenko, which are based on Japaneseethnocentric mindset, do not match the ideals behind the Tenko of NorthKoreans. Based on this problem, Chapter 2 narrates thedevelopment of historical ideas in the Tenko debate, beginning from the disputeof war responsibility immediately after losing the war to the Soviet Union’scollapse. I divided it into five major periods: the period when the authorityof non-Tenko, embodied by the Communist Party leaders, became the absolutestandard of value(1945-1955); theperiod when the Tenko argument to remove the superiority and inferiorityrelationship between Tenko and non-Tenko was proposed(1956-1962); the periodwhen post-war Tenko began to emerge as a problem(1958-1963); the period whenpost-war Tenko was the center of the Tenko problem(1964-1974); and the periodwhen Tenko study stagnated and lost its significance(1974-1991). Through thispaper, I clarify which part of the changes in ideas and attitudes that occurredas the time changed was regarded as Tenko and needed to be overcome by post-warJapanese Tenko study, as well as what led it to its current deteriorated state. Chapter 3 examines how the loss of externality in thepost-war Japanese Tenko study took shape by taking up Okumura Hiroshi’s theoryof corporate capitalism, the North Koreans who have converted in the colonialera, and the Japanese press coverage of the South Korean Tenko problem in the1970s. I first studied the significance of the theory of corporate capitalismand clarified that the phenomenon known as post-war Tenko was a form of Tenkoto the emperor system that occurred as a form of belief in corporates. I thenanalyzed Japanese media reports on North Korean converts and the cases of SouthKorean student spies in Japan, mainly represented by Kim Dae-jung, Kim Chi-ha,and the Chun-sik So and Suh Sung brothers. It shows that Japanese Tenkoresearchers had the opportunity to use those reports to view the problems ofNorth Korean converts and South Korean Tenko as a new Tenko problem but missedthe opportunity to do so. In conclusion, I argue that for the Japanese Tenkostudy to gain present significance, it is necessary to break away from theJapanese ethnocentric mindset and face the Tenko problem as a negative legacyof colonialism, which has been overlooked by the history of ideas in Tenkostudy.