죽음의 수사학 - 완곡어법을 중심으로
The Rhetoric of Death - On Euphemisms
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This paper aims at examining rhetorical aspects of euphemisms for death in Korean, English, and German. There are unspeakable subjects in life, one of which is surely death. The death of someone known to us or to the person we are addressing is perhaps the most painful and delicate social situation to deal with verbally. Euphemism as a way of speaking about the unspeakable can be regarded as a compromise between linguistic taboo and communication. Death is a typical fear-based taboo in contemporary death-denying society. Euphemisms provide a concealing and veiling device against the end of life. Their main cognitive mechanisms include metonymy and metaphor. Metonymy-based euphemisms prefer particular metonymic patterns: WHOLE FOR PART and PART FOR WHOLE. Usually they deliberately violate the cognitive and communicative principles CENTRAL OVER PERIPHERAL, RELEVANT OVER IRRELEVANT, and CLEAR OVER OBSCURE. Under these conditions, particularly the metonymy PART FOR WHOLE serves as a useful tool for euphemistic reference, since the more marginal aspects of the whole scenario are focused. Metaphorical euphemisms for death are usually based on the conceptual metaphors DEATH AS SLEEP, REST, DEPARTURE, RETURN, END, COMPLETION, RELEASE, FAREWELL, LOSS etc. In the remainder of the paper, we provide a comparison of euphemistic expressions which occur in the particular culture-specific text type ‘death notice’ (German: ‘Todesanzeige’) of the three languages.
Abstract
This paper aims at examining rhetorical aspects of euphemisms for death in Korean, English, and German. There are unspeakable subjects in life, one of which is surely death. The death of someone known to us or to the person we are addressing is perhaps the most painful and delicate social situation to deal with verbally. Euphemism as a way of speaking about the unspeakable can be regarded as a compromise between linguistic taboo and communication. Death is a typical fear-based taboo in contemporary death-denying society. Euphemisms provide a concealing and veiling device against the end of life. Their main cognitive mechanisms include metonymy and metaphor. Metonymy-based euphemisms prefer particular metonymic patterns: WHOLE FOR PART and PART FOR WHOLE. Usually they deliberately violate the cognitive and communicative principles CENTRAL OVER PERIPHERAL, RELEVANT OVER IRRELEVANT, and CLEAR OVER OBSCURE. Under these conditions, particularly the metonymy PART FOR WHOLE serves as a useful tool for euphemistic reference, since the more marginal aspects of the whole scenario are focused. Metaphorical euphemisms for death are usually based on the conceptual metaphors DEATH AS SLEEP, REST, DEPARTURE, RETURN, END, COMPLETION, RELEASE, FAREWELL, LOSS etc. In the remainder of the paper, we provide a comparison of euphemistic expressions which occur in the particular culture-specific text type ‘death notice’ (German: ‘Todesanzeige’) of the three languages.
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