명칭의 음운적 유사성 및 친숙성에 따른 4세 유아의 외양에 대한 기대
Four-year-old Children's Label Extension according to phonological similarity and familiarity of labels
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본 연구는 명칭의 음운적 유사성 수준이 다르게 제시된 명칭 확장 과제에서 유아가 명칭을 이미 알고 있는 대상과 음운적으로 유사한 명칭을 제시하였을 때, 유사한 명칭을 가진 대상이 알고 있던 대상과 외양이 유사할 것이라고 기대하는지를 알아보았다. 또한 명칭을 알고 있는 대상이 친숙할수록 이러한 경향이 더 강하게 나타나지를 살펴보았다. 실험에서는 4세 유아 100명을 대상으로 동물 사진과 명칭을 표적자극과 표적명칭으로, 네 개의 동물 사진을 선택자극으로 제시했다. 그 다음, 표적명칭과 유사한 명칭을 제시하고 네 개의 선택자극 중 선택하도록 하였다. 선택자극은 표적자극과 외양적으로 유사한 정도가 각각 다른 자극이었다. 결과는 표적명칭과 음운적으로 유사한 명칭일수록 유아는 표적자극과 외양이 유사한 대상에 명칭을 확장하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유아가 명칭이 범주를 나타낸다는 사전 지식을 가지고 있다기보다는 명칭을 대상의 속성으로 여기고 유사성에 기반 해 명칭을 확장했음을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study focuses on the theoretical debate of whether children treat labels as category markers or as features of objects when they perform the label extension task. We investigated whether the phonological similarity and familiarity of labels have effects on task performance. A total of 100 4-year-olds performed the label extension task according to phonological similarity and familiarity of labels. The results indicated that the more phonological features two labels shared, the more likely young children were to extend the labels to the object that is similar in appearance to the target object. These findings suggest that young children are sensitive to the phonological similarity of labels and that they consider this similarity when they extend labels.
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